unit 3 vocab

Question 1

ecosystem

Answer 1

a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment within a specific area, where each organism plays a role and contributes to the overall balance of the system

Question 2

abiotic

Answer 2

nonliving

Question 3

biotic

Answer 3

living

Question 4

range of tolerance

Answer 4

limits to abiotic conditions they can tolerate like ph, temperature

Question 5

limiting factor/resource

Answer 5

variable that constrains or limits the growth of a population or system (like phosphate)

Question 6

species distribution

Answer 6

area where species lives

Question 7

adaptation

Answer 7

trait that improves fitness

Question 8

biome

Answer 8

large geographic area with a specific climate, vegetation, and animal life

Question 9

richness

Answer 9

of diff species

Question 10

fundamental niche

Answer 10

suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can live

Question 11

realized niche

Answer 11

range where it actually lives

Question 12

niche generalist

Answer 12

can live in wide range of conditions

Question 13

niche specialist

Answer 13

can live in narrow range of conditions

Question 14

mass extinction

Answer 14

literally guess

Question 15

genetic diversity

Answer 15

intraspecific variety of genetic material

Question 16

species diversity

Answer 16

of species in habitat

Question 17

functional diversity

Answer 17

variety of ecological roles or functions that different species perform within an ecosystem

Question 18

ecological diversity

Answer 18

habitats around the world

Question 19

relisiency

Answer 19

ability to withstand disturbances and maintain function

Question 20

ecosystem services

Answer 20

regulating - ie Flood control
Water purification

provisioning - ie proving fresh water, timber

cultural - parks etc

supporting - soil formation/pollination

Question 21

genotype

Answer 21

the genetic makeup of an organism, or the unique sequence of DNA that an individual inherits from their parents

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

set of expressed traits

Question 23

theory of island biogeography

Answer 23

biodiversity and number of species inhabiting an island is impacted by the island’s land size and degree of isolation.

Larger, less isolated islands have higher numbers of species, while smaller, more isolated islands have lower numbers of species.

Question 24

mutation

Answer 24

random genetic change

Question 25

aquatic/marine

Answer 25

water - fresh and salty

Question 26

littoral

Answer 26

shallow, most algae/plants grow

Question 27

limnetic

Answer 27

open water, no rooted plants, phytoplankton

Question 28

profundal

Answer 28

under limnetic, deep, no sun, DO too low to support orgs

Question 29

benthic

Answer 29

muddy bottom of all lakes/etc

Question 30

oligotrophic

Answer 30

low nutrients = low productivity

Question 31

mesotrophic

Answer 31

moderate nutrients/productivity

Question 32

eutrophic

Answer 32

high nutrients/productivity

Question 33

photic zone

Answer 33

(ocean) photosynthesis happens

Question 34

aphotic zone

Answer 34

(ocean) not enough light for photosynthesis

Question 35

chemosynthesis

Answer 35

bacteria uses hydrogen sulfide + methane

Question 36

nitrogen fixation

Answer 36

process that converts nitrogen gas in the atmo (N2) into forms of nitrogen that producers can use biotic (bacteria) to ammonium and abiotic (lightning, fire) to nitrate

Question 37

nitrification

Answer 37

ammonium -> nitrite-> nitrate-> by bacteria

Question 38

assimilation

Answer 38

process by which orgs incorporate into their tissues

Question 39

mineralization/ammonification

Answer 39

fungal/bacterial break dead org mat,. down into inorganic compounds ammonification -> inorganic ammonium

Question 40

denitrification

Answer 40

nitrate->nitrogen gas specialized bacteria