Unit 3-Vocab test Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 3-Vocab test Deck (32)
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1
Q

Civil Service Laws

A

? these acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created professional bureaucracy filled through competition

2
Q

Dealignment

A

a general decline in party identification and loyalty in the electorate; a large portion of voters are disenchanted with current political parties.

It is contrasted with realignment.

3
Q

Issue Oriented Politics

A

politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party, candidate, or other loyalties

ie,

4
Q

National Convention

A

a party meeting held in the presidential election year for the purpose of nominating a presidential and vice presidential ticket and adopting a platform

5
Q

National Party Platform

A

a statement of general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party; usually promulgated at the national convention

6
Q

Party Identification

A

citizens’ personal affinity for a political party usually demonstrated by a tendency to vote for candidates of that party

7
Q

Party Realignment

A

when the balance of power between a country’s political parties changes greatly due to changes in voter behavior; Realignment means the switching of voter preference from one party to another, in contrast to dealignment where a voter group abandons a party to become independent or nonvoting.

8
Q

Political party

A

an organised group of people with similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.

9
Q

Proportional Representation

A

a voting system that apportions legistlative seats according to the percentage of votes won by a particular political party

10
Q

Winner Take All System

A

an electoral system in which the party that receives at least one more vote than any other party wins the election

11
Q

Think Tank

A

institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of political ideas

12
Q

Candidate Centered Politics

A

politics that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation

13
Q

Free Rider Problem

A

In economics, the free rider problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in an under-provision of those goods or services.
Pareto Inefficiency - excessive use of common resource

Free Riders- those who benefit without paying a fair share

14
Q

Interest Group

A

A collection of people who share a common interest or attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends. Interest groups usually work within the framework of government and try to achieve their goals through tactics such as lobbying.

15
Q

Lobbying

A

Attempt to influence political leaders to create legislation or conduct activity that will benefit a certain group

16
Q

Lobbyist

A

a person who tries to influence legislation or administrative decisions on behalf of a special interest; member of a lobby.

17
Q

PAC

A

Political Action Committee (PAC) — federally regulated, officially registered organization for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect and defeat candidates, bills, or initiatives
Most PACs represent business, labor or ideological interests. PACs can give $5,000 to a candidate committee per election (primary, general or special).

18
Q

Public Interest Group

A

groups promote issues of general public concern (e.g., environmental protection, human rights, and consumer rights), as opposed to issues that only affect small specific interest groups

19
Q

Social Capital

A

The Myriad relationships that individuals enjoy that facilitate the resolution of community problems through collective action

20
Q

Trade Association

A

A group that represents a specific industry

21
Q

Economic Interest Group

A

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members

22
Q

Agenda Setting

A

The constant process of forming the list of matters that policymakers intend to address

23
Q

Content Regulation

A

government attempts to regulate the substance of the mass media

24
Q

Equal Time Rule

A

states that broadcasters must provide equal broadcast time to all candidates for a particular office.

25
Q

Fairness Doctrine

A

rule in effect from 1949 to 1985 requiring broadcasters to cover events adequately and to present contrasting views on important public issues

26
Q

Framing

A

the process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about the issue

27
Q

Media Effects

A

the influence of news sources on public opinion

28
Q

Muckraking

A

a journalist who investigates the activities of public officials and organizations, especially business firms, seeking to expose and publicize misconduct or corruption

29
Q

Narrowcasting

A

targeting media programming at specific populations within society

30
Q

Press Briefing

A

a relatively restricted session between a press secretary or aide and the press

31
Q

Press Conference

A

an unrestricted session between an elected official and the press

32
Q

Horse Race Journalism

A

political journalism of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data, public perception instead of candidate policy, and almost exclusive reporting on candidate differences rather than similarities