unit 32 & 33: academic writing

Question 1

تحقیقات نوآورانه

Answer 1

groundbreaking research | Innovative and important research : The scientist conducted groundbreaking research in cancer treatment.

Question 2

مشارکت مهم داشتن

Answer 2

makes a significant contribution | To add something important to a field : Her thesis makes a significant contribution to environmental studies.

Question 3

ارائه یک استدلال قوی

Answer 3

set a powerful argument | To present a convincing argument : The article sets a powerful argument for climate action.

Question 4

تفکر ما را شکل دادن

Answer 4

shape our thinking | To influence our perspective or opinion : This book shaped our thinking about social justice.

Question 5

شرح دادن

Answer 5

gives an account of | To describe or explain something : The paper gives an account of the experiment.

Question 6

پشتیبانی از ادعا

Answer 6

support the claim | To provide evidence or argument for a statement : The data supports the claim that exercise improves memory.

Question 7

خلاصه‌ی مختصر

Answer 7

concise summary | A short and clear summary : He provided a concise summary of the article.

Question 8

با شدت دفاع کردن

Answer 8

strenuously defends | To strongly defend an idea or theory : She strenuously defends her position in the debate.

Question 9

مورد انتقاد قرار گرفتن

Answer 9

come under attack | To be criticized : His theory has come under attack by several scholars.

Question 10

نقش مرکزی ایفا کردن

Answer 10

played a central role | To be very important : She played a central role in the research.

Question 11

به جزئیات زیاد پرداختن

Answer 11

goes into great detail | To explain something thoroughly : The author goes into great detail about the methodology.

Question 12

ایجاد ارتباط

Answer 12

establish a connection | To show a relationship between things : The study establishes a connection between stress and heart disease.

Question 13

مدرک غیرقابل انکار

Answer 13

irrefutable proof | Undeniable evidence : The scientist presented irrefutable proof of the hypothesis.

Question 14

روندهای مهم

Answer 14

significant trends | Important patterns or developments : The report identifies significant trends in education.

Question 15

مثال واضح

Answer 15

clear illustration | An easy-to-understand example : This diagram is a clear illustration of the concept.

Question 16

توضیح موقتی

Answer 16

tentative explanation | A temporary or uncertain explanation : This is just a tentative explanation until we get more data.

Question 17

حمایت کلی

Answer 17

broadly support | To generally agree with or support : The evidence broadly supports the theory.

Question 18

تمایل شدید

Answer 18

strong tendency | A marked trend or inclination : There is a strong tendency to overuse this method.

Question 19

جمع‌آوری شواهد

Answer 19

gather evidence | To collect information for research : Researchers gathered evidence over two years.

Question 20

انجام دادن تحقیق

Answer 20

carry out a study | To do research : The team carried out a study on water quality.

Question 21

نقشی ایفا کردن

Answer 21

play a part | To be involved : All team members played a part in the success.

Question 22

به چالش کشیدن نظریه

Answer 22

challenge the theory | To question or oppose a theory : New findings challenge the theory of evolution.

Question 23

مشارکت مهم داشتن

Answer 23

make a significant contribution | To add something important to a field : Her work made a significant contribution to environmental studies.

Question 24

استدلال قوی

Answer 24

powerful argument | A convincing and strong argument : He made a powerful argument in favor of education reform.

Question 25

تفکر ما را شکل دادن

Answer 25

shape our thinking | To influence our perspective or opinion : This study shaped our thinking about poverty.

Question 26

پیشنهاد نظریه

Answer 26

proposes a theory | To suggest a theory : The author proposes a theory on learning styles.

Question 27

در دسته‌بندی قرار گرفتن

Answer 27

fall into categories | To be divided into groups : These animals fall into several categories based on their habitat.

Question 28

ارجاع دادن

Answer 28

make a reference | To mention something : He made a reference to previous research.

Question 29

تفاوت قائل شدن بین

Answer 29

draw a distinction between | To point out differences : The study draws a distinction between urban and rural populations.

Question 30

سوالاتی را مطرح کردن

Answer 30

raises questions | To provoke questions : The findings raise important questions about climate change.

Question 31

به مسئله‌ای اشاره کردن

Answer 31

touches on issue | To mention briefly : The author touches on the issue of inequality.

Question 32

در نظر گرفتن

Answer 32

take into consideration | To keep in mind : We must take into consideration the social context.

Question 33

دفاع کردن از

Answer 33

makes a case for | To argue in favor of : The article makes a case for increased funding.

Question 34

ارزیابی اهمیت

Answer 34

assess the significance | To judge the importance : We need to assess the significance of the results.

Question 35

تأکید کردن بر

Answer 35

lays emphasis on | To stress something : The author lays emphasis on data accuracy.

Question 36

پشتیبانی کردن

Answer 36

lend support to | To support an idea : Other studies lend support to this hypothesis.

Question 37

محکم به چیزی پایبند بودن

Answer 37

hold firmly to | To strongly maintain : She holds firmly to her belief in equality.

Question 38

تطبیق دادن

Answer 38

draws an analogy | To make a comparison : The paper draws an analogy between learning and evolution.

Question 39

شباهت‌ها را نشان دادن

Answer 39

draws parallels | To show similarities : The study draws parallels between the two cultures.

Question 40

موردی را مطرح کردن

Answer 40

presents the case for | To argue a position : He presents the case for reforming the law.

Question 41

ارائه استدلال

Answer 41

puts forward the argument | To suggest an argument : The book puts forward the argument for universal healthcare.

Question 42

اتخاذ موضع

Answer 42

takes up/adapt the position | To adopt a stance : She takes up the position that education is a right.

Question 43

ابراز نظر

Answer 43

state the opinion | To express a view : He clearly states his opinion on the matter.

Question 44

قانع‌کننده استدلال کردن

Answer 44

argues convincingly | To make a persuasive argument : The author argues convincingly for a new approach.

Question 45

جلب توجه کردن

Answer 45

draws attention to | To highlight : The study draws attention to rising inequality.

Question 46

تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد

Answer 46

research suggests | Studies indicate : Research suggests a link between stress and illness.

Question 47

به‌طور خلاصه بیان کردن

Answer 47

briefly summarises | Gives a short summary : The introduction briefly summarises each chapter.

Question 48

کاملاً مخالف بودن

Answer 48

disagree profoundly | To strongly disagree : The scholars disagree profoundly on the results.

Question 49

نتیجه‌گیری کردن

Answer 49

draws the conclusion | To conclude : The paper draws the conclusion that more study is needed.