Unit 3.4.4 - Respiration

Question 1

Where does most of respiration take place?

Answer 1

In the mitochondria

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

The controlled release of energy/ATP from organic molecules

Question 3

What is the word equation for respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 4

What is the symbol equation for respiration?

Answer 4

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + Energy

Question 5

What are two main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 5

1. ) Aerobic requires oxygen whereas anaerobic doesn’t

2. ) Aerobic generates relatively large amounts of ATP compared to anaerobic

Question 6

Name four examples of coenzymes.

Answer 6

NAD, FAD, NADP, coenzyme A

Question 7

How many stages is aerobic respiration split up into?

Answer 7

Four

Question 8

What are the names of the four stages in aerobic respiration?

Answer 8

Glycolysis, line reaction, Kreb’s cycle and the electron transfer chain

Question 9

What is another name for the electron transfer chain?

Answer 9

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm of cells

Question 11

Which stage of respiration do anaerobic and aerobic respiration share?

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

What are the two steps within glycolysis?

Answer 12

1. ) Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecules
2. ) In the process 2ATP is changed to 2ADP + Pi,
3. ) 2NAD is reduced to form NADH and then 4 ATP is released

Question 13

What is the net production of ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What does the fate of the pyruvate depend on?

Answer 14

If there is sufficient oxygen.

Question 15

If there is sufficient oxygen what happens to the pyruvate?

Answer 15

It goes to the next stage of aerobic respiration - the link reaction.

Question 16

Where does the link reaction take place?

Answer 16

Matrix of the mitochondria.

Question 17

What happens during the link reaction?

Answer 17

NAD + Pyruvate + CoA → Acetyl CoA + Carbon Dioxide + NADH

Question 18

How many times does the link reaction happen per glucose molecule?

Answer 18

Twice.

Question 19

How many channel proteins are needed to transfer the pyruvate into the matrix of the mitochondria? Why?

Answer 19

Two. The mitochondria has a double membrane.

Question 20

How many ATP molecules are made during the link reaction?

Answer 20

Zero

Question 21

What is the next stage in aerobic respiration after the link reaction.

Answer 21

Kreb’s cycle

Question 22

In 4 steps what happens during the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 22

1. Acetyl CoA combine for with a 4C molecule to form a 6C molecule.
2. The 6C molecule is oxidised to a 5C molecule, NAD is reduced to NADH in the process and carbon dioxide is released.
3. The same thing happens when you go from a 5C molecule to a 4C.
4. The atoms in the 4C molecule are rearranged and it is oxidised twice, the 4C molecule has a lot of energy so it is used to form ATP from ADP +Pi, NAD is reduced to NADH and FAD is reduced to FADH in the process.

Question 23

How many times does the Kreb’s cycle happen for one glucose molecule?

Answer 23

Twice

Question 24

How many molecules of ATP are made during the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 24

Two

Question 25

What is the last stage of aerobic respiration called?

Answer 25

Electron transfer chain.

Question 26

Where does the electron transfer chain take place?

Answer 26

The membrane of the cristae.

Question 27

What happens in 8 steps during the electron transfer chain?

Answer 27

1. NADH from glycolysis, the line reaction and kreb's cycle is in the matrix of the mitochondria. 2. NADH goes to one of the carrier proteins and H+ ions pass through the cristae membrane and the electrons pass to the next carrier protein along the electron transfer chain. 3. FADH from the kreb's cycle is in the matrix of the mitochondria. 4. FADH goes to another carrier protein and H+ ions pass through the cristae membrane and the electrons pass to the next carrier protein along the electron transfer chain. 5. NAD and FAD return to other stages of respiration to pick up more hydrogen. 6. H+ ions move through the ATP synthetase down the concentration gradient. 7. They combine with electrons from the electron transfer chain and oxygen to form water in the matrix of the mitochondria. 8. When H+ ions pass through the ATP synthetase ATP is produced from ADP and Pi.

Question 28

How many molecules of ATP are made during the electron transfer chain?

Answer 28

34

Question 29

How many ATP molecules are made during aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

38

Question 30

If there isn't sufficient oxygen what happens to the pyruvate?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration

Question 31

What is anaerobic respiration in plants called?

Answer 31

Alcoholic fermentation.

Question 32

What happens during alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 32

Pyruvate is changed into ethanol and carbon dioxide, during the process NADH is oxidised to NAD.

Question 33

What is anaerobic respiration in animals called?

Answer 33

Lactate fermentation

Question 34

What happens during lactate fermentation?

Answer 34

Pyruvate is changed into lactic acid, during the process NADH is oxidised to NAD

Question 35

What is another name for lactic acid?

Answer 35

Lactate

Question 36

How many ATP are produced in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 36

2