unit 3a:chemistry in society Flashcards
a very unstable arrangement of atoms formed at the maximum of the potential energy barrier , during a chemical reaction
activated complex
the minimum kinetic energy required by colliding particles before a reaction will occur
activation energy
the quantity of product formed in a reaction under the prevailing reaction conditions
actual yield
measures the proposition of the total mass of all starting materials converted into the desired product in the balanced equation
atom economy
increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy
catalyst
suggests that , for a chemical reaction to occur, particles must collide with the correct geometry and sufficient energy to react
collision theory
absorb heat energy from surroundings
endothermic reactions
defined as the change in heat energy when one mole of the reactant is converted to product(s) at constant pressure , and has the symbol 🔺H and units of kJ mol-1
enthalpy change
release heat energy , which is given up to the surroundings
exothermic reactions
determines the extent of the reaction , it is the reactant that is fully used up (none leftover) and causes the reaction to end
limiting reagent
measures the degree to which the limiting reagent is converted into the desired product
percentage yield
shows the enthalpy of reactants and products , and the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction
potential energy diagram
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
temperature
the maximum possible amount of product in a reaction , all of the reactant(s) have been converted into product. this value can be calculated from a balanced equation and the mass of the reactant used
theoretical yield
