Unit 3A Vocabulary and Examples

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

when people within a country adopt some of the cultural traits but keep parts of their own culture

Question 2

Acculturation example(s)

Answer 2

being Lebanese-American (do American activities but I speak Arabic and go back to Lebanon to visit family), Muslim women when they migrate (adopt aspects of new culture but still wear hijab)

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

he interaction of 2 cultures that results in one culture adopting almost all of the culture traits of the other (a culture gets erased)

Question 4

Assimilation example(s)

Answer 4

U.S. gov forcing Native American children to go to boarding schools and have English names (post Trail of Tears)

Question 5

Artifact

Answer 5

the visible objects and technologies that a culture creates

Question 6

Artifact example(s)

Answer 6

buildings (Coliseum), houses, clothes, tools, land-use practices -> some are everyday objects and others are religious or societal expression

Question 7

Commodification

Answer 7

the process through which something is given monetary value -> occurs when something that wasn’t worth selling is turned into something that can be traded in the economy

Question 8

Commodification example(s)

Answer 8

eBay (things are sold on there for hundreds of dollars)

Question 9

Creolization

Answer 9

the interactions between culture that result in 2 or more cultural elements (language) blending together)

Question 10

Creolization example(s)

Answer 10

Haitian Creole (combo of French and African dialects because of the slave trade in the Caribbean)

Question 11

Cultural Convergence

Answer 11

when cultures become more similar through interactions (share ideas, innovations) -> the closer cultures are to each other the more likely they are to converge

Question 12

Cultural Convergence example(s)

Answer 12

Tex-Mex food (Mexican cuisine and American flavors mix), arranged marriages (common in Southern Asia but uncommon in the U.S. because these places are far away from each other)

Question 13

Cultural Divergence

Answer 13

when conflicting beliefs or barriers cause 2 cultures to become less similar -> can happen when someone moves away from their core culture

Question 14

Cultural Divergence example(s)

Answer 14

Amish people (don’t use technology because they believe it has negative effects)

Question 15

Culture

Answer 15

the beliefs, values, practices, and behaviors that are shared by a society and are passed down from generation to generation

Question 16

Culture example(s)

Answer 16

clothes, literature, food, music, festivals -> attitudes and values are harder to identify

Question 17

Dialect

Answer 17

a variation of a standard language specific to a general area with different pronunciation, speech, word choice, and spelling

Question 18

Dialect example(s)

Answer 18

Arabic (Lebanese dialect is different than Egyptian one), soda vs. pop (different depending on the region), color vs. colour (American spelling is different than the UK spelling)

Question 19

Ethnic Neighborhood (enclave)

Answer 19

a cultural landscape within a community of people outside their area of origin

Question 20

Ethnic Neighborhood (enclave) example(s)

Answer 20

Japantown (San Francisco), Chinatown (NYC, San Francisco), Little Havana (Miami)

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

when one cultural group believes their culture is superior to others (comes from preconceived ideas that have originated from their culture)

Question 22

Ethnocentrism example(s)

Answer 22

European Colonization (thought they needed to “fix” the countries they colonized because they were barbaric)

Question 23

Extinct Language

Answer 23

a language that was once used by people in daily activates but it is no longer used

Question 24

Extinct Language example(s)

Answer 24

Latin or Sanskrit

Question 25

Folk (traditional) Culture

Answer 25

the practice of a particular customs of a small group of people that increases that group's uniqueness (primarily transmitted through migration)

Question 26

Folk (traditional) Culture example(s)

Answer 26

the Bantu tribes who migrated over the African coast spreading agricultural knowledge and technology

Question 27

Hearth

Answer 27

the region from which innovative ideas orginate

Question 28

Hearth example(s)

Answer 28

NYC of LA (produce large amounts of cultural influence that spread throughout the modern world)

Question 29

Lingua Franca

Answer 29

the common language used among speakers of different languages to commonly communicate with others

Question 30

Lingua Franca example(s)

Answer 30

Spanish in Latin American countries, English (worldwide -> used in flight, the internet, etc...)

Question 31

Monolingual States

Answer 31

countries in which only one language is spoken

Question 32

Monolingual States example(s)

Answer 32

Iceland (but there aren't any monolingual countries today)

Question 33

Multiculturalism

Answer 33

when diverse cultures coexist within a shared space -> the people in these places don't belong to a specific culture -> creates an atmosphere of acceptance and a rich blend of cultural traits

Question 34

Multiculturalism example(s)

Answer 34

United States, New York

Question 35

Multilingual States

Answer 35

countries in which more than one language is spoken

Question 36

Multilingual States example(s)

Answer 36

United States

Question 37

Nativist

Answer 37

a person who favors those born in his country ad is opposed to immigrants -> largely rooted in ethnocentric beliefs

Question 38

Nativist example(s)

Answer 38

anti-immigration policies, xenophobia, the exclusion acts the U.S. had in place

Question 39

Official Language

Answer 39

the language adopted by a country's government for conducting business and for publishing official government documents

Question 40

Official Language example(s)

Answer 40

Japanese in Japan, English in the U.S., etc...

Question 41

Pidgin Language

Answer 41

when parts of 2 or more languages are combined to form a more simplified version in terms of structure and vocabulary

Question 42

Pidgin Language example(s)

Answer 42

Creole, Franglais, Spanglish, etc...

Question 43

Placelessness

Answer 43

the loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the rest

Question 44

Placelessness example(s)

Answer 44

the cold and scary places in the downtown area are homes for the homeless people -> some people that pass it might have no attraction to this place but in could be a home to many homeless people

Question 45

Placemaking

Answer 45

a community-driven process where people collaborate to create a place where they can work, live, play, and learn

Question 46

Placemaking example(s)

Answer 46

Settlers coming to an area and building towns and cities in order to live in this new place

Question 47

Popular Culture

Answer 47

the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in a society at a given point in time that tend to change quickly -> rate of change is quicker because of technology

Question 48

Popular Culture example(s)

Answer 48

food, music, television slang in the U.S. spreading to other countries' television

Question 49

Revived Language

Answer 49

a language that has experienced near or complete extinct as either a spoken or written language, but has been internationally revived and has regained some of its former status

Question 50

Revived Language example(s)

Answer 50

Hebrew

Question 51

Standard Language

Answer 51

the form of a language that is used for official government business, education, and mass technology

Question 52

Standard Language example(s)

Answer 52

English in the U.S. and French in Lebanon

Question 53

Sequent Occupance

Answer 53

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprint behind (and shapes the future cultural landscape)

Question 54

Sequent Occupance example(s)

Answer 54

New Orleans -> colonized by the French and Spanish which led to a large amount of slaves being brought -> reason behind why so many people speak French and why there's a huge African American culture within the area (soul, food, jazz)

Question 55

Syncretism

Answer 55

the blending/combination of cultures and ideas from different places that result in the creation of new ideas, values

Question 56

Syncretism example(s)

Answer 56

Santeria (combo of traditional African religions and Roman Catholicism), snowboarding (combo of skateboarding, skiing, and surfing)

Question 57

Terroir

Answer 57

the contribution of a location's distinctive physical features on the way food tastes

Question 58

Terroir example(s)

Answer 58

tomatoes grown New York and tomatoes grown in Florida will taste differently, a food grown in Asia will taste different than a food grown in Mexico

Question 59

Toponym

Answer 59

place names that help define what's unique like the geographic features and history

Question 60

Toponym example(s)

Answer 60

Coconut Creek in Florida, Washington (state), Indiana, etc...