Unit 4

Question 1

initial poll on a candidate and issues on which campaign strategy is based and against which later polls are compared

Answer 1

Benchmark polls

Question 2

continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate’s daily rise or fall in support

Answer 2

Tracking polls

Question 3

the set of people that a particular poll is meant to represent

Answer 3

Polling universe

Question 4

the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.

Answer 4

Demographics

Question 5

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

Answer 5

Political culture

Question 6

The process by which we develop our political attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Answer 6

Political socialization

Question 7

the important principles that will guide decisions and actions in the company

Answer 7

Core values

Question 8

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Answer 8

Individualism

Question 9

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Answer 9

Equality of opportunity

Question 10

Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference

Answer 10

Free enterprise

Question 11

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

Answer 11

Rule of law

Question 12

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Answer 12

Globalization

Question 13

method of polling that provides a fairly precise reading of public opinion by using random sampling

Answer 13

Scientific polling

Question 14

interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population

Answer 14

Public opinion polls

Question 15

A method of systematically questioning a small, selected sample of respondents who are deemed representative of the total population.

Answer 15

Opinion polls

Question 16

voters asked about which candidate they are going to vote for and why before walking into a caucus

Answer 16

Entrance polls

Question 17

polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate

Answer 17

Push polls

Question 18

Polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day.

Answer 18

Exit polls

Question 19

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion around

Answer 19

Random sample

Question 20

A sample that reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn; more than 1,000

Answer 20

Representative sample

Question 21

a way to measure public opinion by interviewing a large sample of the population

Answer 21

Mass survey

Question 22

A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues.

Answer 22

Focus group

Question 23

the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time

Answer 23

Sampling error

Question 24

the extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials

Answer 24

Reliability of data

Question 25

the quality of the data that is being analyzed

Answer 25

Veracity of data

Question 26

sets of political values held by individuals regarding the basic goals of government and politics

Answer 26

Political ideologies

Question 27

range of political views

Answer 27

Political spectrum

Question 28

A political orientation that favors a more assertive role in the redistribution of economic resources, but emphasizes individual freedom on a range of social issues.

Answer 28

Liberal ideology

Question 29

An ideology that advocates minimal regulation of the economy and decreased emphasis on income redistribution.

Answer 29

Conservative ideology

Question 30

Person whose views are between conservative and liberal and may include some of both ideologies

Answer 30

Moderate

Question 31

The process by which the public opinion divides and goes to the extremes.

Answer 31

Political polarization

Question 32

One of the two major U.S political party;founded in 1828 by Andrew Jackson to support a decentralized government and state's rights

Answer 32

Democratic Party

Question 33

1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories

Answer 33

Republican Party

Question 34

a market over which government bodies exert a level of oversight and control

Answer 34

Regulation of the marketplace

Question 35

An ideology that seeks even more limited government in all facets of society than that promoted by conservatives.

Answer 35

Libertarian ideology

Question 36

the rights individuals or firms have to the exclusive use of their property, including the right to buy or sell it

Answer 36

Property rights

Question 37

When two countries both benefit from trade and they voluntarily decide to trade with one another.

Answer 37

Voluntary trade

Question 38

The idea that government can smooth out the ups and downs of the free-market economy by stimulating the economy when private business investment is low and cooling down the economy when excessive investment is creating inflation

Answer 38

Keynesian economic policies

Question 39

Policies designed to increase real aggregate supply Ex: Lower marginal tax rates were designed to give people incentives to increase real output by allowing greater after-tax rewards

Answer 39

Supply-side economic policies

Question 40

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.

Answer 40

Monetary policy

Question 41

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.

Answer 41

Fiscal policy

Question 42

an independent agency of the federal government established in 1913 to regulate the nation's banking and financial industry

Answer 42

Federal Reserve Board

Question 43

a condition in which no differences in wealth, power, prestige, or status based on nonnatural conventions exist

Answer 43

Social equality

Question 44

the idea that each individual should receive the same amount of material goods, regardless of his or her contribution to society

Answer 44

Economic equality