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Criminal justice > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Noncustodial options for juvenile offenders

A

probation, restitution, community service, and house arrest

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2
Q

What did the juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act do

A

encouraged states to remove status offenders from institutions

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3
Q

what emphasizes military-style discipline and is also known as shock incarceration

A

Boot camps

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4
Q

is aftercare provided to juveniles after they have been released from some form of custody

A

yes

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5
Q

What does vocational training in prisons lack?

A

Updated equipment

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6
Q

what permits healthcare professionals to consult with institutional medical personnel via videoconferencing

A

telemedicine

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7
Q

What is correct with regard to the use of prisons

A

They were used more freely beginning in 1980

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8
Q

are recidivism rates rarely used to evaluate jail and prison programs

A

NO

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9
Q

Are there a few signs that the US is reducing heavy reliance on incarceration

A

NO

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10
Q

What is maxing out

A

Where a prisoner serves their entire sentence

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11
Q

What happened in Gagnon v. Scarpelli

A

The US supreme court ruled that defendants have a limited right to counsel provided to parolees

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12
Q

Are roughly 1/3 of probationers and parolees successfully complete the terms of their agreements

A

NO

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13
Q

What consists of distinct values, norms, and beliefs identified among prison inmates

A

Prison subculture

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14
Q

Which theory posits enforcement of the rules and regulations in prison creates an environment conducive to violence

A

Inmate balance

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15
Q

Are prison officers generally permitted to use physical force against prisoners to prevent escapes?

A

YES

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16
Q

Roughly what percentage of women in prison have a child under the age of 18?

A

66%

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17
Q

Enabling inmates to keep close to family during their incarceration is related to…

A

Enhanced success on parole

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18
Q

What is correct with regard to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?

A

It applies to prison inmates

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19
Q

Is the cost of housing for younger inmates double that of housing aging inmates?

A

NO

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20
Q

In what state is the prison model where inmates were isolated from all contact and remained in their cells for 23 hours a day?

A

Pennsylvania

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21
Q

What is true with regard to the First Step Act

A

It reduced mandatory penalties for drug offenses

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22
Q

Did the Auburn system stress prevention of interaction of inmates out of concern that they would learn criminal behavior?

A

NO

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23
Q

What was used to detain defendants in Early England

A

Gaols

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24
Q

What kind of institutions are prisons considered? Where the same people work, eat, and socialize every day

A

Total

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25
Most use 4 levels of security classification, which are...
Minimum, Maximum, Medium, and Supermax
26
Are most jails authorized to house both males and females?
Yes
27
What is correct about parole boards?
In most states, governors appoint parole boards
28
Amended in 1972, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act did what?
Prohibited sex-based discrimination by public employers
29
Are females underrepresented among the ranks of probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
Yes
30
Probation
Supervised in the community, still a sentence, but no incarceration
31
benefits of probation
- Judges have flexible sentencing - Ability to live in a community and maintain ties - better able to make restitution/maintain employment - easier access to treatment, counseling, and other services - Cheaper than other sanctions - 55% under correctional supervision
32
Standard conditions
Remain employed and accountable to probation officers
33
Punitive conditions
fines and community service
34
Treatment conditions
substance abuse, general counseling
35
Treatment revocation
- could happen if individual broke constraints
36
Memphia v. Rhya (1976)
defendants can't receive sentence without an autorney
37
Intermediate sanctions
- between confinement and probation - lot cheaper than incarceration - intended to reduce individuals in confinement
38
Day Reporting Centers (DRCs)
provide treatment and surveillance for people at home
39
Shock probation
- probation after incarceration - usually unaware
40
shock incarceration
- boot camps - strict military dicipline - 90-180 days - first time offenders
41
Intensive supervision probation (ISP)
- more intense probation - more restrictions
42
home confinement/ electronic monitoring
- confinements of home during specific hours - curfew - monitor can track you
43
Parole
like probation, but after incarceration
44
discretionary parole
parole board influences, institutional behavior, incarceration length, severity of crime, inmate's history, mental illness, victim input
45
mandatory parole
involves early release, who's sentence was reduced through earning good time (good behavior)
46
Morrissey v. Brewer (1973)
right to due process
47
clemency
Release by person of authority like the governor
48
amnesty clemency
release of group or class
49
commutations clemency
the shortening of sentence
50
Reprives clemency
capital punishment, and reduction of severity
51
barriers of reentry
- loss of rights - felon disenfranchisement laws - employment - public housing, student loans, drivers license, adopting or fostering
52
jails
primarily operated by county gov.
53
jails house a variety of people
- accused offenders who cannot make bail - people awaiting trial - violaters of probation, parole, and bail - federal and state inmates when prisons are overcrowded - some mentally ill people waiting to be transferred to mental facilities - some juveniles who are awaiting trial - persons convicted and sentenced to 1 year or less
54
american correctional association provides accreditation for jails and correctional facilities
- ensure jails abide by strict standards - help jails protect against lawsuits over conditions - enable operating agencies to better evaluate jails - enhance professional recognition of contributions of jails
55
state prisons
- prisons administered by a warden or superintendent - wards report to commissioner's office - state governors appoint commissioners to oversee prisons in that state
56
minimum security level
non-violent offenders, more freedom and college dorms
57
medium security level
serious, but not seen as harder criminals
58
maximum security level
serious threats, contain walls and guards, less freedom
59
supermax security level
rare, provide the most security, isolated from everyone, most dangerous offenders, spend 23 hours in their cells a day, few privileges
60
probation officers
primary functions include investigation and supervision
61
resource mediation
providing probationers with guidance and services to facilitate their success
62
surveillance
monitoring the activities of probationers
63
enforcement
take proper steps to ensure that probationers are aware of the need to abide by their probation agreement and properly responding to those who violate their agreement
64
parole officers
similar to probation officers, however they must navigate assisting offender's reentry into society
65
what do parole officers assist with
- finding residences - maintaining jobs - managing money - reestablishing ties with family and friends - adjusting to living under direct supervision of parole officer
66
primary responsibilities of correctional officers
- provide security through detaining offenders - inspecting institutional facilities to ensure they meet standards - reporting on inmate conduct - Search inmates for contraband - ensure incarceration is secure and humane - provide inmates with opportunities to better themselves - prepare inmates for release
67
challenges faced by correctional officers
- secure uncooperative inmates who violate prison rules - addressing the gap between training and what really occurs - dealing with the stress associated with the job - experience hostility and lack of support from senior coworkers and administrators - being paid low wages for a job with little prestige
68
jailers
local correctional workers that operate in jails
69
challenges faced by jailers
- inmate behavior can be volatile or dangerous - jails are understaffed and overcrowded - harder to classify and diagnose inmates because of the transient nature of jail populations
70
wardens
manage prisons and are responsible for prison operations and goals
71
private prisons
institutions operated by for-profit private companies that contract with federal and state authorities
72
deprivation
inmates adapt and cope with pains and deprivations of incarcerations (Act out against those in charge)
73
importation
inmate behaviors are shaped by experiences and beliefs held prior to incarceration
74
administrative control
prison management practices influenced inmate behavior
75
costs of housing inmates
- $14,780- $69,000 - average is $33,274

Criminal justice (3 decks)

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