UNIT 4

Question 1

During nervous conduction, the intracellular fluid polarity of the neuron begins to increase its negativity from its previous resting state polarity. The electrical stimulus travels through the whole length of the axon reaching the terminal knobs where transmission ends, and synaptic reaction begins.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 1

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

Question 2

The extracellular compartment is more negatively charged compared to the intracellular compartment during the resting state of the neuron. The constant movement of the electrically charged ion in and out of the cell along with the other ion channels contributes to the maintenance of electric charge within the neuron.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 2

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

Question 3

The cell as a dynamic entity is based on its ability to move from place to place. A generic cell basically has a nucleus and organelles inside a contained medium enveloped by a cell membrane.
A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 3

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

Question 4

All or none principle when applied to a neuron means that the neuron will be in a resting membrane potential state. Nerve conduction occurs when the electrical charge travels along the length of the axon during an action potential.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 4

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Question 5

The positive charge or the negative charge represents the polarity within any area of the nervous cell. The presence of large proteins that are negatively charge are responsible for the negative polarity of the intracellular compartment.
A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE.

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 5

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 6

Saltatory conduction occurs in the gray area of the brain where large unmyelinated nerve fibers are located. During the rapid conduction of electrical stimulus along the axon, the myelin sheath helps to insulate the electricity so that no grounding occurs.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 6

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Question 7

The threshold level of polarity equivalent to negative fifty-five millivolts must be reached in order for the neuron to go back to its resting membrane state. The neuron during its resting state creates a refractory period that will result in a higher than required stimulus for it to be triggered.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 7

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Question 8

Depolarization occurs when the negative polarity of the intracellular compartment of a neuron starts gaining positivity in a rapid manner. During hyperpolarization, the intracellular polarity becomes more negative in relation to its resting polarity.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 8

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 9

The neuron is in a state of depolarization during the relative refractory period. The electrical charge inside the neuron is very near to its resting membrane state creating an absolute refractory period.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 9

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Question 10

The post synapses are located in the neuron that are going to transmit the stimulus by releasing the neurotransmitters from its terminal knobs. The post synapses polarity then changed as a consequence of the neurotransmitters attaching to the receptors that led to the influx and efflux of electrically charged ionic particles.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 10

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

Question 11

During EPSP, the presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in the synapse to trigger the opening and closing of the ion channels of the post synaptic neuron. The polarity of the intracellular compartment of the post synaptic neuron during EPSP becomes more negative compared to its previous state.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 11

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 12

The hyperpolarized state of the neuron is the inhibiting condition that is a consequence of an IPSP. During IPSP, the negatively charged particle particularly the chlorine ions are removed from the intracellular compartment leading to a more negative polarity.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 12

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 13

In temporal summation, the frequency of the stimulation of the neuron is brought about by the length of time the neuron is exposed to the stimulation. The continuous stimulation of one or two presynaptic neuron can lead to the post synaptic neuron reaching its threshold of excitement.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 13

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 14

The number of presynaptic connections that simultaneously stimulate the post synaptic neuron is the determining factor in spatial summation. The polarity of the postsynaptic neuron changes drastically during spatial summation as multiple presynaptic neurons triggers it.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 14

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 15

Excitatory neurotransmitters triggers a depolarizing effect on the postsynaptic neuron. An inhibitory neurotransmitter triggers a repolarizing effect on the presynaptic neuron.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 15

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 16

The catecholamines are mostly hormones responsible for the sympathetic reaction of the body to stress. Dopamine as a catecholamine is solely an excitatory neurotransmitter.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 16

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 17

The deficiency of serotonin as a neurotransmitter is mostly associated with mood disorder more specifically, depression. Dopamine as a neurotransmitter is more associated with a neurologic condition called Parkinson’s disease.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 17

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 18

Convergence is a good example of spatial summation. Divergence is a good example of temporal summation.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 18

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 19

There are multiple synaptic connections placed on a presynaptic neuron during convergence. In divergence, there are multiple connections created by a post synaptic neuron.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 19

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Question 20

Unmyelinated fibers conduct impulses much faster than myelinated fibers.

All parts of the neuron has myelin.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 20

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

Question 21

Neurotransmitters are produced in the soma. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminals

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 21

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

Question 22

Influx of negatively charged ions like potassium makes the neuron more negative. The net influx of negative charge is called IPSP.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 22

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

Question 23

A single EPSP can significantly affect the membrane potential. During Repolarization both Na and K gates are open.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 23

D. Both are False

Question 24

The resting membrane potential of a neuron ranges from - 65 to -70. As positively charged ions flow in the cell it makes the cells more positive therefore more polar.

A. if 1st statement is TRUE and 2nd statement is FALSE

B. if 1st statement is FALSE and 2nd statement is TRUE

C. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH TRUE

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE

Answer 24

D. if 1st and 2nd statements are BOTH FALSE