unit 4

Question 1

herbivore

Answer 1

an animal that eats plants

Question 2

carnivore

Answer 2

an animal that eats meat

Question 3

omnivore

Answer 3

an animal that eats both plants and meat

Question 4

molar

Answer 4

the teeth furthest back in the mouth (more in herbivores, used for grinding)

Question 5

premolar

Answer 5

molars before the molars

Question 6

incisor

Answer 6

in the front, used for cutting

Question 7

canine

Answer 7

present in carnivores and omnivores - used for slash/slicing food

Question 8

monomer

Answer 8

a molecule that can be bonded into a polymer

Question 9

polymer

Answer 9

multiple monomers

Question 10

cellulose

Answer 10

a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants, maintains the cell’s shape and structure. It’s a type of fiber.

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

a protein that bonds with a substrate to either break it apart or bring it together

Question 12

cofactor

Answer 12

helps an enzyme fit with it’s substrate

Question 13

substrate

Answer 13

a molecule that an enzyme reacts with

Question 14

denaturing

Answer 14

when an enzyme is deformed an unable to perform it’s function due to change in pH or temperature

Question 15

lactase

Answer 15

an enzyme that breaks down lactose

Question 16

catalase

Answer 16

an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Question 17

hydrocarbons

Answer 17

can create chains and form stuff like fatty acids

Question 18

pharynx

Answer 18

throat

Question 19

esophagus

Answer 19

a tube that connects the throat to the stomach

Question 20

stomach

Answer 20

begins to break foods down, food becomes chyme

Question 21

small intestine

Answer 21

breaks down food further, and absorbs nutrients

Question 22

large intestine

Answer 22

absorbs water and shifts chyme into feces

Question 23

liver

Answer 23

makes bile for digestion of fat

Question 24

gallbladder

Answer 24

stores bile

Question 25

panceras

Answer 25

makes enzymes

Question 26

rectum

Answer 26

holds feces until it can be evacuated

Question 27

anus

Answer 27

where the feces is evacuated from

Question 28

electron

Answer 28

small particle with a charge of negative energy

Question 29

ionic bonds

Answer 29

electrons transferred between atoms

Question 30

covalent bonds

Answer 30

electrons shared between atoms, stronger than ionic bonds

Question 31

photosynthesis

Answer 31

the process a plant uses to create glucose 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

Question 32

catabolic

Answer 32

a reaction that breaks things apart, releases ATP

Question 33

anabolic

Answer 33

a reaction that bonds things together, requires ATP

Question 34

aerobic respiration

Answer 34

respiration that requires oxygen

Question 35

anaerobic respiration

Answer 35

respiration without oxygen (fermentation)

Question 36

cellular respiration

Answer 36

produces ATP, C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

Question 37

facilitated diffusion

Answer 37

passive movement of molecules

Question 38

chemical digestion

Answer 38

the breakdown of food through chemicals (most of the digestive system)

Question 39

mechanical digestion

Answer 39

the use of movement to break down food, mostly takes place in mouth

Question 40

macromolecule

Answer 40

polymers that are important

Question 41

micronutrients

Answer 41

vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts

Question 42

carbohydrate

Answer 42

sugar molecules (end in ose), made of monosaccaride

Question 43

lipids

Answer 43

fatty compounds, made of glycerol/fatty acids

Question 44

protein

Answer 44

a large organic compound made of amino acids

Question 45

nucleic acid

Answer 45

genetic code made of nucleotides

Question 46

pH

Answer 46

the level of acidity

Question 47

insoluable

Answer 47

cannot be dissolved

Question 48

saccharide

Answer 48

another term for sugar, forms carbohydrates

Question 49

amino acid

Answer 49

form proteins

Question 50

polypeptide

Answer 50

amino acids bonding together

Question 51

amylase

Answer 51

enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Question 52

pepsin

Answer 52

breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids

Question 53

saturated fats

Answer 53

no double bonds, solid at room temp

Question 54

unsaturated fats

Answer 54

contains double bonds, liquid at room temp

Question 55

hydrophobic

Answer 55

insoluble to water

Question 56

hydrophilic

Answer 56

can dissolve in water

Question 57

microvilli

Answer 57

absorb food in digestive system, increase surface area

Question 58

ATP

Answer 58

energy (breaking apart into ADP creates energy)

Question 59

ADP

Answer 59

involved in transferring energy

Question 60

chloroplast

Answer 60

where photosynthesis takes place

Question 61

mitochondria

Answer 61

where cellular respiration takes place

Question 62

fermentation

Answer 62

anaerobic respiration, breaks down sugar molecules

Question 63

reactants

Answer 63

what is put into a chemical equation

Question 64

products

Answer 64

the result of a chemical equation

Question 65

vital signs

Answer 65

important signs that show we are alive, such as your pulse, body temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure.

Question 66

glycolysis

Answer 66

breaks glucose into 2 pyruvic acids - 4ATP+2NADH

Question 67

Krebs cycle

Answer 67

pyruvic acid converted to Acetyl-CoA, produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP, 4 CO2 (per glucose)

Question 68

transport chain

Answer 68

how these chemicals are transported during cellular respiration