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Ap human geo > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cold war

A

Def: period of time following WW2 where the US and the soviet union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years
EX: the berlin blockade(48-49), the chinese commie rev(45-49)

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2
Q

sovereignty

A

Def:a principle of international relations that hold the final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of an independent state
EX: puerto rico not having any sovereignty

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3
Q

colonialism

A

Def: exploitation of a weaker country by a stronger one
EX: IndoChina was a colonial possession of French empire until the decolonization period that followed WW2

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4
Q

imperialism

A

Def: an instance of aggressive extension of authority
EX: European states first colonized the new world of the Americas, but later redirected their focus to Africa and Asia

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5
Q

devolution

A

Def: the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
Ex: a group demanding more autonomy from the central government

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6
Q

Self-determination

A

Def: the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
EX: Scottish people campaigning for an independent scottish national state

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7
Q

territoriality

A

Def: a country’s or local communities sense of property and attachment toward its territory as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defendable
EX:Italy, which completely surrounds san marino and the vatican

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8
Q

neocolonialism

A

Def: the control of less-developed countries by developed countries by indirect means
EX: the american invasions of vietnam and afghanistan

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9
Q

shatterbelts

A

Def: regions caught up in a conflict between 2 or more superpowers
EX: The balkans

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10
Q

choke points

A

Def: a geographical feature on land or sea which an armed force is forced to pass at the risk of reducing their relative combat power against a numerically inferior opponent
EX: the thermopylae pass

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11
Q

relic boundary

A

Def: a boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area
EX: border between west and west Germany in Berlin

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12
Q

superimposed boundary

A

Def: boundary line drawn in by ignoring the existing cultural pattern by an outside power
EX: Division of Africa by European colonial patterns

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13
Q

subsequent boundary

A

Def:boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of an area
EX: Europe

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14
Q

antecedent boundary

A

Def: a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area
EX: the border between US and Canada

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15
Q

Geometric boundary

A

Def: political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc
EX: the 49th parallel between the US and Canada

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16
Q

consequent boundary

A

Def: a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic or political groups that was established to settle disputes, end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups
EX: ireland and northern ireland boundaries

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17
Q

defined boundary

A

Def: a boundary is agreed to be made between two or more parties in a treaty or other legal document
EX: the border between US and Canada established by the oregon treaty in hopes to avoid conflict

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18
Q

delimited boundary

A

Def: a geographic boundary that is drawn on a map
EX: the border between Alaska and canada on a map

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19
Q

demarcated boundary

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A

Def: identified by physical objects like walls, signs, and fences. Any boundary is also determined by either natural or geometric lines
EX: the wall between north and south Korea

20
Q

administered boundary

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A

DEf: enforcement of a boundary by a goverment or people
EX: individual countries deciding how strict or relaxed crossing will be

21
Q

autonomous region

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A

Def: having the authority to govern territories independently of the national government; for example having a separate country
EX: hong kong

22
Q

nation-state

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A

Def: a politically organized and recognized territory composed of a group of people who consider themselves to be a nation
EX: Japan, Estonia, Iceland, Iran, Albania, Croatia, Poland, France

23
Q

multi-state nation

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A

Def: consists 0of people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more than 1 country
EX:; Ethnic russian, koreas, the kurds,

24
Q

stateless nation

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A

Def: a people united by a culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state
EX: Basque people, palestinians

25
multinational state
Def: a country with various ethnicities and cultures inside its borders EX: Iraq, yugoslavia, canada
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semi-autonomous regions
Def: a region that is given partial authority to govern its territories independently from the national government EX: american indian reservations in the united states
27
nation
Def: cultural enties made up of individuals who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage EX: The kurds, The basques, Native hawaiians, the navajo
28
demilitarized zone (DMZ)
Def: an area in which treaties or agreements between states, military powers or confending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personal and often lies among an established frontier boundary between 2 or more military powers
29
law of the seas
Def: a law that each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 nautical miles of water off their coast and maintains exclusive economic right over 200 miles of water off their coast EX: international waters, territorial sea, contagious zone, EEZ
30
Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
Def: an area withing a country that extends 200 nautical miles from a staes coats; a state bas sole access to resources found within the waters or beneath the sea floor of their EEZ EX: north korea's EEZ in the yellow sea and japan sea
31
international waters
Def: the areas of the sea that are not under the jurisdiction of any country EX: any where beyond a countries EEZ
32
Berlin conference
Def: a meeting in 1884 with the intention of dividing up the continent of Africa among the European imperial powers EX: superimposed boundaries by great britain, france, germany, belgium , spain, portugal, and italy
33
Gerrymandering
Def: the drawing of legislative boundaries to give one political party an advantage in election EX: redistricting( the redrawing of internal territorial and political boundaries) like packing and cracking
34
federal state
Def: the organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal government and it internal regional units EX: US and provinces of canada
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unitary state
Def: the organization of a state in which power is concentrated in a central government EX:; The UK, :Poland, Spain, China, Indonesia, Bangladeshm, Algeria, Japan, and the scandinavian countries
36
irredentism
Def: attempts by a state to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation EX: russia with Ukraine
37
ethnic seperatism
Def: the process by which people of a particular ethnicity in a multinational state identify more strongly as members of their ethic group than citizens of then state EX:; the basque, yugoslavia
38
ethnic cleansing
Def: the process by which a state attacks ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing EX: the holocaust, The rohingya people(muslim)
39
terrorism
Def:the systematic use of violence to intimidate a population or coerce a government EX: types) criminal, phychic, war, political 9/11 attacks
40
supranational organization
Def: an alliance of 3 or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue or challenge EX:; economic. political, military, cultural, or combination. formance of the league of nations, ussr
41
economies of scale
Def: the cost reductions that occur when production rises EX:ASEAN and Brunei
42
democratization
Def: the process of moving a national government EX: when all south africans could vote for an apartheid system
43
failed state
Der: a state tat is unable to perform the two fundamental functions of the same nationstae in the modern world system EX: eritrea, DR. congo, somalia, yemeh
44
ethnonationalism
Def:the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, religious belief, and language creating a sense of pride and identity that is yes to the territory; also called ethnic nationalism EX;collective ideas and actions of an ethnic nation designed and promoted the identity and rights of an ethnicity in culture economics`, and political spheres.
45
centripetal forces
Def: a force that unites a group EX: a shared ethnicity, war
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Ap human geo (8 decks)

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