Unit 4

Question 1

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 1

Provided conservation jobs for unemployed people- this included planting trees, building flood barriers, maintaining forests, and controlling forest fires.

Question 2

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

Answer 2

Authorized the Treasury department to start opening banks back up when they have the means to do so.

Question 3

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Answer 3

Paid private contractors to build large-scale projects proposed by the states

Question 4

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Answer 4

Directly hired the unemployed and became the largest of all work programs

Question 5

National Youth Administration (NYA)

Answer 5

It helped millions of young people find jobs and get a better education.

Question 6

Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)

Answer 6

Gave president emergency powers over the US banking system to allow the evaluation of all banks and closure of insolvent ones (bank holiday)

Question 7

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Answer 7

This helped with the banks and it insured bank deposits against bank failure.

Question 8

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 8

Legalized industry collaboration for price controls and collective bargaining labor

Question 9

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Answer 9

Allowed federal regulation of stock trading in public corporations

Question 10

Banking Act of 1935

Answer 10

This restructured and centralized the Federal Reserve Bank.

Question 11

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Answer 11

Induced measures to reduce crop supply, stabilize prices, and support farmers incomes

Question 12

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 12

River basin development based on dams and hydroelectricity planning

Question 13

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

Answer 13

Bring electricity to isolated rural areas

Question 14

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

Answer 14

It provided financial assistance for the home owners and also the mortgage industry.

Question 15

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Answer 15

This guarantees a mortgage with banks. This is like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for Savings and Loan institutions.

Question 16

National Labor Relations Act

Answer 16

This insures the right of workers to organize. This provides for a national wage and it will outlaw child labor.

Question 17

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 17

Restored rights lost when the National Industrial Recovery Act was overturned by the Supreme court: minimal wage and no child labor

Question 18

Social Security Act

Answer 18

Created a national system of pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to mothers with children, and created the Social Security Administration (SSA) to administer it

Question 19

What caused the Farm Crisis of the 1920s?

Answer 19

During WW1 prices rose and international demand for crops go up-> farmers spend and plant more-> war ends, demand ends -> crop prices decline

Question 20

How much did crop prices decline by?

Answer 20

crop prices declined by 40%.

Question 21

What did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act do? (2 points)

Answer 21

• Raised taxes on international farm imports
• Rejected paying bonuses that were supposed to be paid to WWI vets earlier than proposed
  -Asked the army to clear out a protest of veterans

Question 22

The army clear out of a veteran protest after the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act caused what casualties?

Answer 22

two were killed and 100s were hurt

Question 23

Where was the Dust Bowl?

Answer 23

Iowa and Midwest

Question 24

Why did the Dust Bowl start?

Answer 24

As a result of a series of droughts and non-sustainable agricultural practices

Question 25

The Dust Bowl was a series of devastating dust storms, leading to...

Answer 25

famine, diseases, and deaths due to breathing in the dust

Question 26

What eventually ended the Dust Bowl?

Answer 26

Rain

Question 27

Hoovers attempt at voluntary cooperation meant that he...

Answer 27

asked businesses not to lay people off and unions not to ask for higher wages.

Question 28

Hoover initially asked Congress to spend ___ for construction programs, why did it fail?

Answer 28

$423 million, but it wasn’t enough and then he was reluctant to spend more and cause a deficit in the budget.

Question 29

Main cause of the Depression (when and what)

Answer 29

Stock market crash (October 21-23, 1929) → huge drop in stock prices

Question 30

Other causes of the Depression (4 points)

Answer 30

- Lack of diversification in the economy - ½ families living at/below the poverty line - Farmers in debt - Demand for US goods abroad declined because of high taxes, increased production in Europe

Question 31

What happened because of the Stock Market Crash? (3 points)

Answer 31

- Investors in the market lost everything even people not invested lost because many banks had invested. - 9000 banks failed between 1930-1933 - People with $$$ in those banks lost all savings

Question 32

The Bonus Army was gathering made up of:

Answer 32

probably 10,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans who, with their wives and children, converged on Washington, D.C., in 1932,

Question 33

What were the Bonus Army's demands?

Answer 33

immediate bonus payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression

Question 34

Why did the Bonus Army demand pay immediately?

Answer 34

They would not be paid until 1945 and desperately needed the money.

Question 35

Age income for workers who were lucky enough to have kept their jobs fell ___ between 1929 and 1933

Answer 35

42.5%

Question 36

% of unemployed people

Answer 36

25% of people were unemployed

Question 37

of unemployed people in 1933

Answer 37

12,830,000 persons unemployed in 1933

Question 38

The people had __________ feelings about Herbert Hoovers management during the depression

Answer 38

conflicted feelings

Question 39

FDR's first action as president:

Answer 39

Fix the banking system: First Deal was the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 -> Closed banks for one day

Question 40

The 21st amendment... (what and when?)

Answer 40

Repealed the prohibition of alcohol (18th amendment) - December 5th, 1933

Question 41

Why did the 18th amendment fail?

Answer 41

Ineffective enforcement, crime related to the illegal liquor traffic, a need for tax revenue during the Great Depression

Question 42

Conservatives on the New Deal (6 points)

Answer 42

- socialism - added to national debt - wasted money on relief - encourage idleness - violated the constitution and states rights - increased the power of the presidency

Question 43

Senator Huey Long advocated for... which meant... and was financed by...

Answer 43

a share the wealth plan - a guaranteed annual income of at least $5,000 for every American - confiscating the wealth of people who made over $5 million per year

Question 44

Father Charles E. Coughlin started a ____ conspiracy. He advocated...

Answer 44

an international bankers conspiracy. He advocated nationalization of banking and currency and national resources and demands a “living wage”

Question 45

Dr. Francis E. Townsend was...

Answer 45

an elderly physician from CA

Question 46

Dr. Francis E. Townsend's plan was... and it was financed by...

Answer 46

for the federal government to pay $200 per month to unemployed people over 60 - by a 2% national sales tax.