unit 4

Question 1

Saliency

Answer 1

the level of importance of a particular issue

Question 2

Wedge Issue

Answer 2

an issue that sharply divides the public

Question 3

Political Socialization

Answer 3

the process by which one develops political beliefs

Question 4

Generation

Answer 4

all of the people born around the same time

Question 5

Lifecycle Effects

Answer 5

the impact of life changes on individuals as they grow older

Question 6

Representative Sample

Answer 6

a group of people used in a poll/survey that represent the larger group being studied (the “universe”).

Question 7

Random Sampling

Answer 7

a methodology that gives every single member of the “universe” an equal chance of participating in the survey.

Question 8

Universe

Answer 8

the group being studies by a survey/poll.

Question 9

Framing Effect

Answer 9

a cognitive bias wherein a person’s response is influenced by how the information is presented.

Question 10

Bandwagon Effect

Answer 10

a shift of support to a candidate or position that is currently holding the lead in polling.

Question 11

Social-Desirability Bias

Answer 11

an error in polling wherein respondents tell the pollster what they think the pollster wants to hear.

Question 12

Non-Response Bias

Answer 12

the phenomenon in which voters are turned away from responding to pollsters.

Question 13

Monetarism

Answer 13

he view that the money supply is the key to a nation’s economic health.

Question 14

Progressive Tax

Answer 14

a tax that takes a higher percentage/rate of the income of a wealthier family than a poorer family.

Question 15

Proportional Tax

Answer 15

A tax where the government takes the same percentage of income from everyone.

Question 16

Regressive Tax

Answer 16

a tax where the burden falls more heavily on lower-income groups

Question 17

Political culture

Answer 17

the dominate beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government

Question 18

Individualism

Answer 18

the belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves for the decisions they make

Question 19

laissez- faire

Answer 19

an economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses

Question 20

rule of law

Answer 20

the principle that no one including the public officials is above the law

Question 21

Political ideology

Answer 21

an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics

Question 22

Generational effect

Answer 22

the impact of historical events experienced by a generation

Question 23

life- cycle effect

Answer 23

the impact of a person’s age and stage in life on their political views

Question 24

Globalization

Answer 24

the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world

Question 25

outsourcing

Answer 25

when a company moves its business to a place where labor is cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours.

Question 26

public opinion

Answer 26

the sun of individual attitudes about government policies and issues

Question 27

focus group

Answer 27

a small group assembled for a conversation about specific issues

Question 28

scientific poll

Answer 28

a representative poll of randomly selected respondents with statistically significant sampling size

Question 29

sample

Answer 29

subgroup of people from larger population representing the public opinion

Question 30

weighting

Answer 30

survey is adjusted according to demographics

Question 31

sampling error

Answer 31

the margin of error in a poll calculated with plus or minus three percentage points

Question 32

mass survey survey

Answer 32

designed to measure opinions of pop usually 15,000 ppl

Question 33

entrance survey

Answer 33

a poll conducted of people coming to an event

Question 34

exit poll

Answer 34

a survey conducted outside a polling location where individuals are asked who they voted for and why

Question 35

benchmark poll

Answer 35

a survey taken at beginning of political campaigns to judge public opinion.

Question 36

tracking poll

Answer 36

a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or issue

Question 37

random digit dialing

Answer 37

randomly calling numbers and asking questions

Question 38

question order

Answer 38

sequencing of questions

Question 39

question wording

Answer 39

phrasing of question in a public poll

Question 40

political ideology

Answer 40

a set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance

Question 41

right

Answer 41

something guaranteed that the government can not take away

Question 42

privilege

Answer 42

something a person can have but the government can take away

Question 43

party ideology

Answer 43

a party's philosophy about the proper rule of government

Question 44

party identification

Answer 44

an individual's attachment to a party

Question 45

conservatism

Answer 45

ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regulations on businesses, and less government interphereance in the economy

Question 46

libralism

Answer 46

an ideology favoring less government control of social behaviors, and more regulation of business and economy

Question 47

libertarianism

Answer 47

ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty

Question 48

command and control economy

Answer 48

requires that a nation's central government own and control the means of production. Private ownership of land and capital is nonexistent or severely limited

Question 49

mixed economy

Answer 49

an economic system combining private and public enterprise.

Question 50

gross domestic product

Answer 50

measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that is, those that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time

Question 51

economic recession

Answer 51

a period between a peak and a trough in the business cycle where there is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy that can last from a few months to more than a year

Question 52

unemployment rate

Answer 52

the share of the labour force without work.

Question 53

consumer price index

Answer 53

a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by consumers for a representative basket of consumer goods and services

Question 54

fiscal policy

Answer 54

the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

Question 55

Federal reserve system

Answer 55

board of governors federal reserve banks and monetary banks responsible for monetary policy

Question 56

monetary policy

Answer 56

set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy

Question 57

Medicare

Answer 57

federal program that provides health insurance to seniors and the disabled

Question 58

Medicaid

Answer 58

Provides health care to the poor