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Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Individualism

A

Places an individuals interests above the group: people pursue their own self-interest with little government influences (Conservative)

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2
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

Agrees that government support (through laws and policy) creates a level playing field for opportunity for ALL people (Liberal)

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3
Q

Laissez Faire (Free Enterprise)

A

The idea that the economy would be naturally regulated by the decisions of consumers and businesses (Conservative)

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4
Q

Rule of Law

A

A government that establishes laws that apply equally to ALL, including government leaders; prevents abuses of power (Liberal)

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5
Q

Limited Government

A

A system of government that limits the power of the government and protects citizens rights (Liberal)

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6
Q

Progressive Tax

A

The average tax burden increases with income - rich are taxed more (Liberal)

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7
Q

Flat Tax

A

A single percentage income tax rate is applied to all taxpayers regardless of income (Conservative)

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8
Q

Representative Sample

A

A small group that fairly represents the larger group in question

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9
Q

Random Sample

A

Using a computer to randomize possible phone numbers so as to remove bias selection of respondents 1000-2000 people

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10
Q

Weightlifting/Stratification

A

Making sure that demographic groups are properly represented in a sample

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11
Q

Push Polls

A

Polling that pushes a certain opinion & viewpoint (bias and deceptive)

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12
Q

Bandwagon Effect

A

A shift in support to a candidate who leads in public opinion polls

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13
Q

Bradley Effect

A

Polls show favor with candidates from minority groups but elections do not always reflect that

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14
Q

Horse-Race Polls

A

Predicting election winners based on polling data

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15
Q

What is the best number of respondents for a nationally representative Sample?

A

1500 respondents

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16
Q

Majoritarian

A

Government will adjust policy based on the will of the majority: often first seen at the states & local levels (Conservative)

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17
Q

Interest Group

A

A pluralist approach to policy based on competing interests (Liberal)

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18
Q

Keynesian Economics

A

The government needs to oversee fluctuating demand and spending by the people

low demand=more gov. spending and/or less taxes

high demand= increase taxes (mostly on wealthy) or less spending

Liberal

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19
Q

Supply-Side Economics

A

Laissez Fair approach

natural laws of economics (supply and demand will guide the economy)

less gov. taxing = more taxes and corporate profits

Conservative

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20
Q

Foreign Trade

A

Trade with foreign nations

Conservative

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21
Q

Globalization

A

The process of increasing the connection between the worlds economics cultures and populations

Liberal

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22
Q

Political socialization

A

the process by which you develop your political beliefs

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23
Q

Factors that influence political beliefs and attitudes

A
  1. Family
  2. School
  3. Peers
  4. Media (your go-to news)
  5. Social Environments (church,
    sports, etc.)
  6. Geography (your location in
    the country)
  7. Globalization
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24
Q

Generational effects

A

Defined by the “blocks” of people in your Age-group

these “blocks” share similar cultural experiences & historical shifts

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25
Life-cycle effects
the variety of physical, social, and psychological changes that people go through as they age Can include: - Moving on to college/early adulthood - Marriage and kids - Retirement - Seniors (health concerns)
26
Silent Generation
Major Events: - Great Depression - World War II Social Issues: - More conservative on issues like gay marriage and women's rights. - Strong on religious values Overall: Patriotic & trusting of government
27
Baby Boomers
Major Events: - Vietnam War - Civil Rights Movement - Assassinations of JFK, MLK Jr. and more Social Issues: - Conservative with family values - Growing support of gender and race equality as well as recreational drug-use Overall: Untrusting of government and champions of the underdog
28
Generation X
Major Events: - Detente - Social Liberalism Social Issues: - Environmental activism increased - General Balance existed on gender and race issues Overall: Much more individualistic and less ambitious about political issues
29
Millennial's
Major Events: - 9/11 - Great Recession Social Issues: - Leans a lot more liberal than previous gender, race and drug legalization Overall: Interactive with others and independent of expectations
30
Benchmark Polls
Taken prior to announcing candidacy to measure support
31
Tracking Polls
Measures where people stand heading into an election
32
Public Opinion
Gauges attitudes on issues or candidates
33
Focus Groups
- gaining insight from people in groups of 10-40 people - Allows for more in-depth conversations about issues and a candidate
34
Social Reliability Bias
Voters may not be honest with pollsters about who they are voting for
35
Non-response Bias
People who don't trust media wont participate in a poll
36
Ideology
a comprehensive set of ideas and beliefs
37
Saliency
Divisive issues that are intensely important to a party or group
38
What ideology are most Americans?
Moderate
39
Democrat
Supports more liberal issues: - Healthcare and assistance for the poor - Womens rights - Minority and LGBTQ+ rights - Immigrant path to citizenship - Environmental protections - Workers Union
40
Republican
Supports more conservative issues: - Limited assistance for the poor - Supports harsher punishments (ex. death penalty) - Traditional family and religious values - Secure borders - Gun rights protections
41
Libetarian
- Generally opposed to government intervention in all matters Conservative on: - Economic Issues (against minimum wage,social welfare and business regulations) Liberal on: - Social and Moral issues (Supports LGBTQ rights, pro-choice, gender and race equality)
42
Populist
Religious, Patriotic, lower-income, mostly rural Conservative on: - Social and moral issues (Against abortion, sexual freedom, immigration, and anti-christian morals) Liberal on: - Economic issues (Supports workers protections, minimum wage and farm subsidies)
43
Progressive
Urban residents, challenge government and big business corruption) Conservative on: - Not much. However some factions are very religious (love based faith) Liberal on: - Economic, social and moral issues (Gov. should help the poor, disadvantaged and environment, supports taxing))
44
Formation of policy Steps
1. Make agenda 2. Study, research and hear from experts about an issue with growing attention 3. Implement, administer; fund the agency that will regulate and enforce the policy
45
What is the debate on liberty vs. order?
Liberals want to protect individual liberties while conservatives push more for maintaining order. They want to find the balance
46
Fiscal Policy
The part of economic policy that is concerned with government spending and taxation TGT (Taxation, Government Spending, Transfers)
47
Monetary Policy
How the government manages the supply of currency and value of the U.S. dollar (How much money is in the economy)
48
International Revenue Service (IRS)
Overseers the tax collection process Liberals want a progressive tax Conservatives want a flat tax
49
Balancing the budget
Partisanship has made it difficult to agree on government
50
Federal Reserve board
A board of seven governors who serve for 14 years & rotate as a chairman Sets Monetary Policy by: - Buying and selling bonds - Regulation reserves at commercial banks & setting discount rates (rate of actual loaned dollars to the banks setting interest rates)
51
Regulating Inflation
Reserve requirements for banks and rates for government bonds (IOVs) are set
52
Liberal View on Fiscal policy
Liberals are more willing to budget for government programs assistance
53
Conservative View on Fiscal Policy
Prefer spending on defense but less taxing overall
54
Conservative View on Monetary Policy
like "easy money" loans from banks & low interest rates to stimulate buying
55
Liberal View on Monetary policy
Don't think that monetary policy is enough; the FED can only do so much
56
Entitlements
Government services promised BY LAW to the citizens (included in Congress' Mandatory Spending Obligations)
57
Medicare and Medicaid
Health insurance for 65+ (Medicare) and those in poverty (Medicaid) makes up almost 20% of federal budget
58
Affordable Care Act (2010)
A government provided insurance options for all people; created because of high costs and limitations created by private insurance companies Views: Liberals support government provided health support and care for all who need it Conservatives prefer private health providers, competition would increase leading to lower costs
59
Views on Labor
Liberals: Support labor unions and regulation of the workplace - Historically democrats have created legislation that supports workers and limits the power of businesses Conservatives: Believe workers would be more productive if profits reflected their earnings; government should be "hands off" - Policies favor tax breaks for businesses to promote growth; tends to be anti-union
60
Views on Privacy and Intimacy
Liberal: Supports privacy as a 9th Amendment right regarding sex (Griswold v. Connecticut) & marriage Conservative: Believe that the right to privacy cannot be enforced by the federal government because it is not explicitly mentioned in the Bill of Rights
61
Views on Informational Privacy
Both liberals and conservatives support data and digital privacy, but conservatives are more willing to give up privacy in exchange for national security
62
Views on Education & Religion
Should states divert funds to private/religious schools? Liberal: No. Public schools are dependent on funding Conservative: Yes. Pro-voucher. Privatized school- no more public education
63
This tax benefit is available to low-income working families who meet the requirements
Earned income tax credit
64
3 entitlement programs that have continued to grow
Social Security Medicare Medicaid
65
Monetary Policy is regulated by this institution
Federal Reserve
66
2 ways Keynesian Economics would suggest during a recession
Increase gov. spending Lower taxes
67
2 other ways of measuring public opinion other than polls
media and election results
68
2 core values of American Political culture
Individualism Limited Government
69
Budget Deficit
the government spending more than they have raised in revenue
70
This poll focuses more on quantity rather than quality
Straw poll
71
Tracking Poll
focuses on approval rating
72
2 tools the president has on making policy
Veto, Signing statement, bully pulpit
73
Before conducting a poll, this must be identified
The polls universe
74
2 programs that are considered means tested
Medicaid - TANF

Gov (10 decks)

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