Unit 4. Flashcards
(17 cards)
How does tradition contribute to social control?
- Tradition refers the customs, beliefs and practices that are passed down generations within a society or group.
- They guide behaviour as they set expectations for how individuals should act, promoting conformity to societal norms without the need for external enforcement.
- They are taught by socialisations in families, schools and community which ensures that people internalise these traditions from a young age.
How is fear of punishment an external control?
- External control refers to mechanisms outside the individual that regulate behaviour and ensure conformity to societal norms and laws.
- FOP involves the apprehension of facing negative consequences (e.g: fines, imprisonment and social disapproval) for engaging in deviant behaviour.
- For example, the thought of getting a speeding ticket deters people from speeding- the possibility of being fined for speeding creates an external incentive for drivers to obey traffic laws.
Briefly explain how crimes committed by people with moral imperatives can be a limitation in achieving social control.
- Moral imperatives are a persons strong sense as to what is right/wrong.
- People with moral imperatives believe that breaking the law is necessary to do the right thing.
- Kay Gilderdale. In this case Gilderdale assisted her daughter who had been ill for 17 year in suicide. For this she was put on trial however the Jury can struggle to reach an agreement on cases such as these so the offender often gets charged leniently or acquitted.
- Suffragettes. This was a campaign that fought for women’s rights in the 20th Century. They deliberately broke the law to raise awareness of their fight, when convicted they refused to pay their fines. 1000’s of women were imprisoned and went on a hunger strike- resulting in them being force fed.
- This links to functionalism- that believes new social movements wouldn’t be possible without acts of deviance.
Briefly explain the requirements of the CPS for the Prosecution of suspects.
- All cases must pass the evidence test and a public interest test.
- The evidence test ensures that there is enough evidence to prosecute and that it is all admissible.
- The public interest test is where the CPS checks that the prosecution is in the publics interest, how serious the case is, the impact on the community and the circumstances of the crime.
Discuss the relationship with the police, CPS and courts.
- Police arrest offenders and collect evidence. Then they pass this on to the CPS who check the evidential test and the public interest test to ensure a case is viable for court and all evidence is admissible. Then the CPS and police can be called into court to present evidence and provide witness statements.
Identify 2 rights of suspects.
- The right to remain silent.
- The right to an attorney.
Describe the Due process model of criminal justice.
- Focuses on safeguarding the rights of the offender.
- Not guilty till proven.
- Left realism-
- Labelling-
Describe the crime control model of criminal justice.
- Focuses on the protection of society and ensuring that crime is removed.
- Zero Tolerance policing.
- Right realism.
- Functionalism
Discuss reparation as an aim of punishment.
- Reparation is paying back to society for the crimes that a person has committed.
- Done through: Restorative justice, Community service and
Discuss how fines meet the aims of punishment.
Briefly describe how the prison service is funded.
Explain the working practices of the prison service.
Explain the gaps in state provision that may limit agencies in achieving social control.
- Not all agencies are effective all the time.
- Resources are in demand. Taxes are used to cover the costs of Prison services and other agencies however they are also needed to fund other places E.g. The NHS. Since 2008, the funding for these agencies has declined.
- Unreported crime is a problem as 40% of crimes get reported to the police- affecting how effective they can be at reducing crime.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the police and prison service in achieving social control.
How do fines meet the aims of punishment.
- Fines are payments that are made to the government after a person has committed a crime.
- Deterrence.
- Reparation.
- Retribution.
Evaluate the working practices of the prison service.
Name a pressure group.
- NACRO.
- Aims to change views towards ex offenders and and the stereotypical attitudes towards them.
- It offers education and outreach projects to to help young people at risk of criminality as well as NACRO housing. 2.5 thousand homes were given to those who needed it.
