unit 4-5 vocab Flashcards
(19 cards)
object permanence
the knowledge that objects have an existence in time and space, independent of whether or not they can be seen or touched
means-end
the process in which a problem solver begins by envisioning the end, the ultimate goal, and then determines the best strategy for attaining the goal in a situation
schema
organized representation of knowledge; psychological structures that allow a child to organize knowledge about objects, entities, concepts and actions
adaption
the process of changing a schema in response to a new entity (new information)
assimilation
a process that involves fitting a new entity into existing schema
accommodation
a process that involves changing existing schema to make the new entity fit
equilibrium
state of cognitive balance
cooing
a stage in infants prelinguistic speech development that consists of the productions of single-syllable, vowel like sounds
reduplicative babbling
repeated sequences of repeated consonant-vowel like sounds (bababababa)
variegated babbling
a stage in babbling characterized by varied sequences of sounds in syllables (babigoogi)
jargon
sequences of variegated babbling that have the intonation shape of the child’s native language
holophrase
early one-word utterances that convey a holistic communicative intention
over-extension
process in which a child applies a word’s meaning to more exemplars than an adult word. The child’s definition is too broad and is thus beyond acceptable adult usage
under-extension
process in which a child applies a word meaning to fewer exemplars than an adult word. the child’s definition is too restrictive and more limited than in adult usages
word combinations
two word utterances consisting of roughly equivalent words that divide an experience in multiple units
pivot schemas
two word utterances in which one word or phrase, such as want or more, seems to structure the utterance by determining the intent of the utterance as a whole, such as a demand. In many of these early utterances one-event word is used with a wide variety of object labels as in “More cookie”, “More juice”, and “More apple.”
item based constrictions
two-word utterance seemingly based on word-order rules with specific words influenced by how a child has heard a particular word being used
referential style of communication
a relative child language learning style in which the infant has more adult contacts; uses more single words; and employs an analytic, or bottom-up, strategy for gradually building longer utterances with different words.
functional style of communication
a relative child language learning style in which the infant has more peer contacts, attempts to produce longer units, and employ a holistic, top-down, strategy in which longer utterances are gradually broken into their parts.
