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Science 8 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Whats in the middle in a class 1 lever?

A

Fulcrum

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2
Q

Whats in the middle in a class 2 lever?

A

Load

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3
Q

Whats in the middle in a class 3 lever?

A

Effort

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4
Q

What advantage does a class 1 lever give?

A

Power

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5
Q

What advantage does a class 3 lever give?

A

Speed

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6
Q

What is the unit for work?

A

Joules

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7
Q

1 Newton is approximately the weight of ____g

A

100

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8
Q

What is an inclined plane?

A

A ramp or slope for reducing the force needed to lift something

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9
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

The ratio of force produced by a machine or system (the load) to the force applied to the machine

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10
Q

What is the formula for MA?

A

Load force/Effort force

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11
Q

What is the advantage if MA is over 1?

A

Power

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12
Q

What is the advantage if MA is under 1?

A

Speed

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13
Q

What is the advantage if MA equals 1?

A

Change of direction

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14
Q

What is ergonomics?

A

The science of designing home or work environments that best suit human needs

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15
Q

What is a winch?

A

A machine consisting of a small cylinder, a crank or handle, and a cable, used for lifting and pulling.

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16
Q

What is and example of a winch?

A

Handle of pencil sharpener, Reel of fishing rod

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17
Q

What MA does a winch give you?

A

Power

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18
Q

What is a wheel and axle?

A

A machine consisting of two turning objects attached to each other at their centers, one object causes the other to turn

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19
Q

What is an example of a wheel and axle?

A

A winch

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20
Q

What are some subsystems in a bicycle?

A

Wheel and axle
Gears-Sprocket system
Pedals-Lever
Brakes-lever

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21
Q

Define gear

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A

A rotating wheel like device with teeth around its rims

22
Q

Define gear train

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A

A group of two or more gears that are meshed together

23
Q

What is the opposite of a gear train?

Study These Flashcards
A

A sprocket system

24
Q

What is a multiplying gear?

Study These Flashcards
A

When a large gear drives a smaller gear-increases speed and decreases torque

25
What is a reducing gear?
When a small gear drives a larger gear-increases torque and decreases speed
26
What is it called when two gears are the same size?
Parallel gears
27
What are the four types of pulleys?
Fixed-doesn't move Movable-moves with the load Block and tackle-combination of movable and fixed Compound-one or more pulley together
28
How do you calculate MA of a pulley?
Count all the ropes except ones you pull down on
29
Define potential energy
Stored energy
30
Define kinetic energy
the energy of motion
31
Define transmission
Energy is transferred from one place to another and no energy is changed or converted
32
What does it mean to transfer energy?
To change the type of energy
33
What is efficiency?
The ratio of work energy provided by a machine or system with the actual work or energy supplied to the syetem
34
How can efficiency be boosted?
- Cleaning - Lubricating - Keep tires inflated
35
What are useful examples of friction?
Bike tires against the road rosin winter tires track spikes
36
What is the unit of pressure?
Pa (Pascals)
37
What is Pascal's law?
If pressure is applied to a fluid, i will spread out equally in all directions in the shape of the container in a closed system
38
What is a hydraulic system?
A device that transmits an applied force through a liquid to move something else by means of pressure.
39
Is hydraulics open or closed?
Closed
40
What is a hydraulic system in the human body?
The heart
41
What is a pneumatic system?
A system in which gas such as air transmits a force exerted on the gas in an enclosed space
42
Is pneumatics open or closed ?
Open
43
What is a pneumatic system in the human body?
lungs
44
Why are subsystems combined into more complex machines?
It makes them more efficient
45
How have machines changed throughout history
Machines have become more efficient and work better-ergonomics
46
How does a steam engine work?
Water is heated steam is pressurized used to make a piston move the piston is attached to a rod to move engine
47
Why is steam used instead of water?
Water would expand and evaporate too heavy can't be compressed
48
What is a piston?
A disc shaped part that fits tightly inside a cylinder in which some force, such as steam pressure, moves it back and forth or up and down
49
What is an internal combustion engine?
A type of engine in which fuel is burned internally
50
What are the fours strokes of an internal combustion engine?
Intake stroke-air is brought in Compression stroke-fuel is mixed with air and compressed Power-A spark ignites the fuel Exhaust-Excess air and fuel go out a valve

Science 8 (5 decks)

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