unit 4 Flashcards
(152 cards)
1
Q
1 growing season
A
Annuals
2
Q
2 growing seasons
A
biennials
3
Q
several growing seasons
A
perennials
4
Q
seeds with 2 cotyledons
A
dicots
5
Q
seed with 1 cotyledon
A
monocot
6
Q
seed leaf
A
cotyledon
7
Q
absence of vascular and cork cambium
A
monocots
8
Q
pollen grains with 1 aperture
A
monocots
9
Q
vascular and cork cambium usually present
A
dicots
10
Q
pollen grains usually with 3 apertures
A
dicots
11
Q
has distinct network of primary veins
A
dicots
12
Q
vascular bundles in a ring
A
dicots
13
Q
each flower begins as a ____ and develops into a ____
A
embryonic primordial, bud
14
Q
modified leaves that protect the bud
A
sepals
15
Q
tip of the stalk where bud will develop
A
peduncle
16
Q
the smaller branches that lead directly to the flower
A
pedicel
17
Q
pedicle or peduncle may swell at the tip and form a pad called
A
the receptacle
18
Q
all petals collectively
A
corolla
19
Q
all sepals
A
calyx
20
Q
corolla and calyx
A
perianth
21
Q
pollen acceptor
A
stigma
22
Q
this type of ovary has calyx and corolla
A
superior ovary
23
Q
receptacle grows around the ovary
A
inferior ovary
24
Q
attached to the receptacle at the base of the ovary
A
superior ovary
25
flower parts attached below the ovary
hypogynous
26
flower parts attached around the ovary
perigynous
27
flower parts attached above the ovary
epigynous
28
after double fertilization ovules become
seeds
29
group of several to 100's of flowers
inflorescence
30
inner boundary around the seed
endocarp
31
"skin"
| outter layer
exocarp
32
"fleshy" tissue between endo and exocarp
mesocarp
33
the endo and exocarp
pericarp
34
developed from a flower with a single pistil
simple fleshy fruit
35
single seed enclosed by hard stoney endocarp
drupe
36
compound ovary with more than 1 seed
berry
37
berry with thin skin and soft pericarp at maturity
True berry
38
fruits with thick rinds
pepo
39
leathery skin with oils
| succulent hairs
hesperidium
40
most of the flesh involves enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up and around the ovary
pome
41
fruit splits at maturity to release seeds
dehiscent
42
splits on one side
follicle
43
splits on 2 sides
legume
44
splits along 2 sides and seeds on central partition
siliques
45
atlas 2 carpals split many ways
capsule
46
single seed united with pericarp
indehiscent
47
hard thick pericarp with 1 seed
| develop with cup or cluster of bracts at the base
nut
48
pericarp tighty united with seed
caryopsis
49
pericarp around seed extends out as a wing for dispersal
samaras
50
when fruit is dry twin fruits break into 2-1 seeded segments called the pericarp
schizocarp
51
derived from one flower with several to many pistils
aggregate fruit
52
derived from multiple flowers in a single fluorscence, each flower has its own receptacle but mature together and develop one fruit
multiple fruit
53
point where ovule was attached to ovary wall (scar, belly button)
hilum
54
opening to ovary
micropyle
55
2 halves ofr seed for food storage
cotyledons
56
cotyledons and plantlette
embryo
57
embryo shoot
| cotyledons attach below
plumule
58
short part of stem above cotyledons
epicotyl
59
stem below attachment point of cotyledons
hypocotyl
60
tip of embryo that developed into root
radicle
61
growth of a seed
germination
62
prevent germination
inhibitors
63
the ____ developer into 1st root at germination
radicle
64
many ______ roots may arise from stem attached to the radicle
adventitious
65
stringy fine roots generally develop from adventitious roots
fibers root systems
66
have tap root and secondary roots
dicots
67
have only fibrous root systems
monocots
68
cap is composed _____ cells
parenchyma
69
package proteins and secrete lubricant to help move root in soil easier, growth medium for bacteria
dictyososmes
70
contain starch grains believed to have a role in gravity sensory
amyloplasts
71
located about the root cap
| divides every 12-36 hours
region of cell division
72
gives rise to the pith in monocots
meristematic areas
73
gives rise to epidermis
protoderms
74
gives rise to cortex
ground meristem
75
produce primary xylem and phloem
pro cambium
76
no longer divides, 1-2 large vacuoles tp take in more h2o and lengthen
region of elongation
77
region contains the root hairs, cells of the cortex are parenchyma that mainly store food
region of maturation
78
endodermis contains
lignin and suberin
79
ligning and suberin form bonds called
casparian strips
80
inner boundary of endodermis that gives ride to vascular cambium and lateral roots in dicots
pericycle
81
growth stops after organ is fully expanded and mature
determinate
82
tissues continue to add season after season
indeterminate
83
adventitious buds along the roots, bud developed into ariel stems
ex apple,cherry,pear tree
propagative roots
84
spongy roots extend above h2o surface in swampy areas to extend gas exchange
ex black mangrove
pneumatophores
85
grow into the air to prevent h20 loss
| ex orchids, corn
ariel/velamen
86
pull plants deeper in the soil for stability and nutrient availability
contractile
87
huge roots in shallow soil for stability
| ex fig tree
buttress
88
use haustoria to penetrate vascular tissue of host plant and pulling out h20and sugar
broomrapes
parasitic roots
89
plants that grow on other plants
epiphyte
90
fungal relationship with roots
mycorrhizae
91
area where leaf attaches to stem on a woody plant
axil
92
1 leaf on axil
alternate arrangment
93
pairs of 2 at each axil
opposite arrangement
94
3 or more at each axil
whorled arrangement
95
region of stem where leaf is attached
node
96
space between nodes
internode
97
flattened broad part of leaf
blade
98
little branch that attaches stem to leaf
petiole
99
bud in the axil
axillary bud
100
bud at the end of the stem produces tissues to make twig longer
terminal bud
101
tiny leaf like structures the base of petiole or around axillary bud
stipules
102
dormant axillary buds create scars when leaves fall off
bud scars
103
where vascular tissue went through petiole
bundle scar
104
active division at the tip of each stem
apical meristem
105
protects apical meristem in the winter
bud scales
106
embryonic structure
primordium
107
as bud expands mitts division creates 3 primary meristems
bud primordium
108
xylem and phloem branch off into leaf / bud
trace
109
leaves a gap in the trace filled with parenchyma tissue
leaf /bud gap
110
bands of cells between xylem and phloem
vascular cambium
111
produced annually in cylindrical layers and die shortly after formed
cork cambium
112
reduces H20 loss, dead at maturity but allows for gas exchange
cork tissue
113
bellow cork cambium, composed of parenchyma cells for storage
phelloderm
114
cuts in bark develop below stomata, raised spongy sections of cells
lenticles
115
central cylinder of primary xylem and phloem
stele
116
older darker wood , at the center for strength and support
heart wood
117
lighter wood on ouster parts , functioning xylem
sapwood
118
specialized cells or ducts in some flowering plants, mainly in phloem, secrete latex
laticifers
119
underground horizontal stems
| -iris
rhizomes
120
horizontal above ground stems
| irish potato
runners
121
has several intends at the base of the stolon
| will grow into potatoes
tubers
122
large buds surrounded by fleshy leaves with small stems at lower end
onions
bulb
123
mostly stem tissue, scale like papery leaves
corm
124
flattened, leaf like structures
| asparagus, cactus
cladophylls
125
all leaves originate from
primordia
126
leaf appendages at the base
stipules
127
if leaves don't have a petiole
sessile leaf
128
single blade
simple
129
divided into leaflettes
compound
130
leaflettes in pairs along rachis
pinnately
131
all leaflets attached at the sam point at end of the petiole
palmately
132
loss of h2o the stomata
transpiration
133
opening at the end of the leaf vein
hydathodes
134
root pressure pushes h2o out of hydathodes
guttation
135
leaf arrangment
phyllotaxy
136
vein arrangment
venation
137
1 primary vein, mid vein, secondary veins branch
pinnate
138
several primary veins fan out
palmate
139
monocots typically have ____ veins
parallel
140
network of veins
netted
141
no primary veins, smaller veins fan out
dichotomous
142
lower photosynthesis rate, lower in canopy, receive less light
shade leaves
143
thick,leathery, fewer stomata, succulent water retaining leaves, dense hairs
arid leaves
144
less xylem and phloem, spongy mesophyll
aquatic regions
145
wrap around things they come in contact with, support, potato and grab vines
tendrils
146
reduce surface and h2o loss, protection
spines
147
spine like, arise from axil of leaf
thorns
148
outgrowth of epidermis / cortex emerging from within the stem
prickles
149
urn like pouches, house insects
flower pot
150
transparent, light travels to mesophyll
window leaves
151
produce new plants at leaf tips
reproductive leaves
152
modified leaves at the base of the flower, poinsettia
floral (bracts)
