unit:4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Ancestor-
a person from whom one is descended from
Descendant
a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor
Asexual reproduction
genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform)
Chromosome
made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry our cell functions and make new cells
Allele
one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome
Diverse Offspring-
different combinations of alleles from each parent
Uniform Offspring-
offspring are identical to the parent
DNA
located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Gene
a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait
Heredity
the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
Genetics-
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
Sexual reproduction
genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)
Traits
behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment
Heterozygous
If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)
Homozygous
If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)
Dominant Trait-
-inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
Recessive Trait
-a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles
Genotype-
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Phenotype-
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Punnet Square-
used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring
