unit 4 - ac 3.1

Question 1

Role of police

Answer 1

• To maintain law and order in local areas by protecting members of the public and their property
• To prevent crime, reducing the fear of crime
• Improve the quality of life for all citizens

Question 2

Aims and objectives of police

Answer 2

• Keep the peace/social order
• Protect life and property
• Prevent, detect and investigate crime
• Bring offenders to justice
• Use their legal powers to stop, search, question and arrest
• Use their powers outlined in The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

Question 3

Funding of police

Answer 3

• 2018/19: budget = £12.3 billion
• 2021/22: £636 million increase
• central government and council tax
• 2020: 149.6 thousand police officers

Question 4

Philosophy of police

Question 5

Working practices of police

Question 6

Role of CPS

Answer 6

The CPS is the main public prosecutor in England and Wales and was set up in 1986 under the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.
It took over the prosecuting role because of the risk of bias in allowing police to investigate and prosecute.

Question 7

Aims and objectives of CPS

Answer 7

• Advices for police in their investigations about lines of inquiry and evidence needed to build a case
• It independently assesses the evidence submitted to it by the police and keeps cases under constant review stop
• It decides whether to prosecute and if so, what charges should be brought
• He prepares the prosecution case and presents it in court, using its own lawyers and self employed specialists
• It assists, informs and supports victims and prosecution witnesses

Question 8

Funding of CPS

Answer 8

• government
• half a billion pounds per year
• courts award costs against the defendants
• recovers assets confiscated from criminals

Question 9

Philosophy of CPS

Answer 9

Values:
- Independence and fairness - prosecuting without bias and always seeking to deliver justice
- Honesty and openness
- Treating everyone with respect
- Behaving professionally and striving for excellence
- Equality and inclusion - to inspire greater confidence in the CPS from victims and witnesses

Question 10

Working practices of CPS

Question 11

Role of judiciary

Answer 11

They are responsible for interpreting, explaining, and applying the laws and the legal principles

Question 12

Aims and objectives of judiciary

Question 13

Funding of judiciary

Question 14

Philosophy of judiciary

Question 15

Working practices of judiciary

Question 16

Role of prisons

Answer 16

• They must protect the public, meaning that they need to hold prisoners securely while they serve their sentence
• They must also stop criminal activity within the prisons

Question 17

Aims and objectives of prisons

Answer 17

• To protect the public from harm
• To help people who have been convicted of offences to rehabilitate so they can contribute positively to society
• To hold prisoners secure and implement sentences and orders of the court

Question 18

Funding of prisons

Answer 18

• government out of general taxation
• 2018: 3 billion - 16% lower than in 2010
• cuts to staffing levels
• 1/3 prison officers had less than 2 years experience

Question 19

Philosophy of prisons

Answer 19

‘preventing victims by changing the lives of offenders’

Question 20

Working practices of prisons

Question 21

Type of prisons

Answer 21

• When first sentenced to prison, they are placed in a local prison
• They are then given a security classification, and then moved to a more suitable prison
• Closed prisons (Category A, B and C)
• Open prisons (Category D)

Category A
Closed
Highly dangerous to the public

Category B
Closed
Don’t need maximum security but escape needs to be difficult

Category C
Closed
Can’t be trusted in open conditions

Category D
Open
Can be trusted not to escape

Question 22

Role of probation

Answer 22

• Assess a person’s risk, needs, strengths and circumstances and find interventions to match their specific needs
• Manage the risk of serious harm to others
• Working with specialists and other organisations to share knowledge and information
• Empower people on probation to change their behaviour and build motivation

Question 23

Aims and objectives of probation

Answer 23

‘a statutory criminal justice service that supervisors high risk offenders released into the community and provide statutory support to victims of serious sexual or violent crime’
- Protect the public by rehabilitating offenders
- Tackling the causes of their offending
- Enabling them to turn their lives around

Question 24

Funding of probation

Answer 24

• 2018: overall budget of 4.6 billion (between prisons and probation)
• government and general taxation
• CRCs: private businesses that have a contract with the MoJ to provide probation services

Question 25

Philosophy of probation

Answer 25

The National Probation Service (NPS) describes its core values and ethical principles as:
- The belief that offenders can change for the better and become responsible members of society
-Belief in the worth and dignity of the individual
-A commitment to social justice, social inclusion, equity and diversity

Question 26

Working practices of probation

Answer 26

• Types of criminality and offender: 250,000 offenders on probation. 2018: 40% NPS 60% CRCs. These offenders are deemed safe enough to serve their sentence in the community.

They are responsible for:
- Preparing pre sentence reports for courts, to help them select the most appropriate sentence for the individual offender
- Managing approved premises for offenders whose sentence includes a residential requirement
- Assigned prisoners to prepare them for their release unlicensed back into the community. At that point they become under NPS supervision.
- Helping offenders serve sentences in the community to meet requirements ordered by the courts.
- When an offender receives a prison sentence of 12 months or more for a serious violent or sexual crime, or is detained as a mental healthy patient, the NPS communicates with and prioritises the wellbeing of the offenders victims.

Question 27

The Howard League for Penal Reform

Question 28

The Prison Reform Trust

Question 29

The National Association of Care And Resettlement of Offenders (NARCO)