Unit 4: AC3.1: Explain the role of agencies in social control

Question 1

What is an additional aim/objective of the police?

Answer 1

Arrest/detain suspects, but have np responsibility for punishing criminals

Question 1

What is the main aim/objective of the police?

Answer 1

Keeping the peace, protecting life and property, preventing and investigating crime, collection of evidence

Question 2

Who funds the police?

Answer 2

The Home office through tax

Question 3

In 2021/22, what did public spending on the police rise to?

Answer 3

£24.9 billion, highest amount spent since recording began

Question 4

The overall funding of the police for year ending 2023 will increase by what percentage in real terms?

Answer 4

2.8%

Question 5

In terms of police philosophy, what are their standards of professional behaviour?

Answer 5

Acting with honesty and integrity, demonstrating authority, respect, and courtesy

Question 6

In terms of philosophy, what standards do the police adhere to?

Answer 6

Use of force, fitness to work, and confidentiality

Question 7

How many regional police forces are there in England and Wales?

Answer 7

39

Question 8

These police forces are in both local and national reach with who?

Answer 8

Community officers and those working within stations and cities

Question 9

Who are the police responsible for dealing with?

Answer 9

All types of offenders and criminality

Question 10

However, there are specialist roles within the police. What type of officer would deal with an offence on the motorway?

Answer 10

A Traffic Police Officer

Question 11

What are two examples of different policing styles, techniques, and approaches?

Answer 11

Zero tolerance, Situational Crime prevention

Question 12

What are the CPS set up under?

Answer 12

The Prosecution of Offences Act 1985

Question 13

What does the CPS decide on?

Answer 13

Decides whether to prosecute, on charges, prepares and presents cases for court

Question 14

What else does the CPS do interns of victims and witnesses?

Answer 14

Informs and supports them

Question 15

Where does the funding of the CPS come from?

Answer 15

The central government

Question 16

How much is the CPS approximately worth per year?

Answer 16

£500 million

Question 17

What are funding from recovering costs?

Answer 17

When costs are awarded by courts, the CPS recovers some of the costs of it’s prosecutions from defendants

Question 18

In 2019, what did Boris Johnson MP say?

Answer 18

“We have been investing in the CPS- over £85 million”

Question 19

What does the philosophy of the CPS include?

Answer 19

independence and fairness, honesty and openness, and treating everyone with respect

Question 20

What are more factors included in the philosophy of the CPS?

Answer 20

Equality and inclusion, as well as behaving professionally and striving for excellence

Question 21

The CPS will deal with a large variety of criminal acts and offenders, what types of crimes do they deal with?

Answer 21

Usually more serious crimes/criminals (police w/ minor crime)

Question 22

The CPS is a national body with how many regional teams?

Answer 22

14

Question 23

Who is each region headed by?

Answer 23

A Chief Crown prosecutor

Question 24

What is the name of the head of the entire CPS?

Answer 24

The Director of Public Prosecutions

Question 25

Who is the current Director of Public Prosecutions?

Answer 25

Stephen Parkinson

Question 26

What test does the CPS use?

Answer 26

The Full Code Test

Question 27

What does the Full Code Test consist of?

Answer 27

The Evidential test and the Public Interest Test

Question 28

What is the main aim/objective of the judiciary?

Answer 28

Interpret and apply law, manage the trial, and explain legal issues to juries

Question 29

What additional aim/objectives are there of the judiciary?

Answer 29

Also sum up the evidence, pass sentences, make rulings on appeals, as well as setting/following precedent

Question 30

How is judges pay decided?

Answer 30

By an independent panel

Question 31

What is the name of the independent panel that decides judges' pay?

Answer 31

"Senior Salaries Review Body"

Question 32

How much do District judges earn?

Answer 32

About £110,000

Question 33

How much do Lord Chief Justice earn?

Answer 33

£257,000

Question 34

How is the judiciary funded?

Answer 34

From government (taxation)

Question 35

In terms of judiciary philosophy, what is the principle of judicial independence from?

Answer 35

Independent from the government

Question 36

In terms of judicial philosophy, what is the principle of impartiality?

Answer 36

Not favour either side

Question 37

Interns of judicial philosophy, what is the principle of integrity?

Answer 37

Honest and moral

Question 38

What are the two oaths judges make?

Answer 38

-Oath of Allegiance (loyalty to the king) -Judicial Oath (treat people equally under the law)

Question 39

What is security of tenure?

Answer 39

They cannot be removed from their position except by a partition to the monarch by both Houses of Parliament

Question 40

What is judges' salary guaranteed in?

Answer 40

Hierarchy

Question 41

What is the Supreme Court at the top with?

Answer 41

'Superior judges'

Question 42

What is the Crown Court at the bottom with?

Answer 42

'Inferior judges'

Question 43

Judges deal with all types of offences and offenders, except for what?

Answer 43

The least serious which are dealt with by magistrates/cautions/penalty notices

Question 44

What reach does the Supreme Court have?

Answer 44

National

Question 45

What reach does the Crown Court have?

Answer 45

Local

Question 46

What are the 4 aims/objectives of prisons?

Answer 46

-Public protection -Rehabilitation -Deterrence -To implement the sentences from the court

Question 47

What are prisons paid for from?

Answer 47

Taxation

Question 48

In 2020/21, what was the prison budget?

Answer 48

£5.6 billion

Question 49

In 2020/21 the budget was how much more than 10 years prior?

Answer 49

£600 million

Question 50

In 2019/20, what was the average cost of a prison place in England and Wales

Answer 50

£44,600 a year

Question 51

In police philosophy, how do prisons believe they can prevent victims?

Answer 51

By changing lives of offenders

Question 52

What is another aspect of prison philosophy?

Answer 52

Retribution

Question 53

How many prisons are there in England and Wales?

Answer 53

123

Question 54

How many prisons are 'public' prisons run by HMPPS

Answer 54

109

Question 55

What is an example of a 'public' prison run by HMPPS?

Answer 55

Lewes Prisons

Question 56

Who are the other 14 ('private' prisons) run by?

Answer 56

Private companies

Question 57

What is the name of one of these private companies that run private prisons?

Answer 57

G4S- run Birmingham Prison

Question 58

There are prisons all over the UK, but like the police and CPS, what are they split up into?

Answer 58

Different regions

Question 59

What does the prison service categories criminals based on?

Answer 59

The severity of their offence, the danger they pose, and how trusting they are (A-D)

Question 60

As an aim/objective of probation, who do they supervise?

Answer 60

High risk offenders & Offenders who spend their sentence in the community rather than prison

Question 61

Who does probation support?

Answer 61

Victims of serious sexual and violent crimes

Question 62

How does probation protect the public?

Answer 62

Through the rehabilitation of offenders

Question 63

Where does the probation's share of the £4.6 billion budget for HMPPS services come from?

Answer 63

General taxation

Question 64

Who are trusts funded by?

Answer 64

HMPPS

Question 65

HMPPS employ all staff except who?

Answer 65

The Chief Officer

Question 66

How much extra funding has been pumped into the probation service since July 2019?

Answer 66

More than £300 million worth

Question 67

Community Rehabilitation Companies are paid for?

Answer 67

Reaching government set targets

Question 68

In terms of the philosophy of probation, what do they believe?

Answer 68

Offenders can change for the better and become responsible members of the community

Question 69

What is another belief of the probation service?

Answer 69

The worth and dignity of the individual

Question 70

What is the probation service committed to?

Answer 70

Social justice, social inclusion, equality and diversity

Question 71

What do the 35 trusts in the probation service provide?

Answer 71

Services for high risk and medium risk offenders

Question 72

What are Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs)

Answer 72

Private companies that have a contract with the MoJ to provide probation services for low and medium risk offenders

Question 73

What do CRCs do?

Answer 73

Write pre-sentence reports, manage premisses, ensure community sentences are completed and work on behalf of victims

Question 74

Who do CRCs supervise?

Answer 74

Those serving sentences in the community rather than in prison

Question 75

What are some examples of individuals serving sentences in the community?

Answer 75

Community orders such as community payback, curfews, and drug rehabilitation programmes

Question 76

What is the aim/objective of the Prison Reform Trust?

Answer 76

To reduce imprisonment and improve conditions for prisoners and their families

Question 77

What is the aim/objective of Women in prison?

Answer 77

Help women in the CJS, end harm caused to women, their families and our communities by imprisonment

Question 78

Both charities do not receive money directly from the government, but what do they enjoy?

Answer 78

Some tax advantages from the government

Question 79

In 2021, how much did the Prison Reform Trust raise from grants, donations, legacies, and charitable activities?

Answer 79

£1.5 million

Question 80

In 2019, how much did Women In Prison raise through donations and charitable activities?

Answer 80

£2.1 million

Question 81

The philosophy of the Prison Reform Trust are similar to what?

Answer 81

The aims - reduced use of prisons, people in prison entitled to certain rights

Question 82

Women in Prison value social justice and feminism, what does this mean?

Answer 82

Achieving equality for women and girls in the CJS

Question 83

Women in Prison value independence and trust, who is this from?

Answer 83

Women who they depend on

Question 84

Women in Prison value dedication to changing lives and the world, what does this mean?

Answer 84

Utilising the strength of women

Question 85

The Prison reform Trust campaign to improve the penal system, what is an example of one of these campaigns?

Answer 85

Out of Trouble Campaign

Question 86

What does the Out of Trouble campaign see to do?

Answer 86

To reduce the number of children and young people in prison

Question 87

What does the Out for Good- Lessons of the Future campaign see to do?

Answer 87

Secure employment for prisoners on release

Question 88

What does Women In Prison campaign to do?

Answer 88

End the harm of prison and demonstrate there is another way

Question 89

What is the Women In Prison campaigning based on?

Answer 89

Whilst prison and the CJS harms women and families, it also harms men, victims, and communities