Unit 4: America AOS 1

Question 1

Who said “More British than the British”

Answer 1

Gordon Wood

Question 2

Who said “No trace of impatience”

Answer 2

Gordon Wood

Question 3

Who said “Proud to be British”

Answer 3

Adcock

Question 4

What is John Adam’s quote?

Answer 4

“The revolution was in the minds of the people”

Question 5

What are the statistics on land ownership? Which historian posited this?

Answer 5

Boston’s richest 5% owned 49% and the poorest 50% owned 5%. (Raphael).

Question 6

What was the distribution of wealth in 1763?

Answer 6

10% of taxpayers owned 75% of wealth.

Question 7

Who said “Customs Officials have made a very lucrative job of shutting their eyes.”

Answer 7

The Governor of Rhode Island.

Question 8

By how much did British profits from America rise?

Answer 8

From £534,000 to £1,177,000.

Question 9

What was the debt of the British?

Answer 9

130 million pounds.

Question 10

What did Friedenberg say?

Answer 10

“The rage transformed itself into a colony [who] were united in revolution”

Question 11

When was the Sugar Act?

Answer 11

April 1764.

Question 12

What were Writs of Assistance?

Answer 12

Writs of assistance were general search warrants with no expiry date, allowing customs officials to enter the premises suspected to contain smuggled goods.

Question 13

How many merchants did James Otis represent?

Answer 13

63 Merchants.

Question 14

What did James Otis argue about writs of assistance?

Answer 14

The writs were “against the principles of law”.

Question 15

What is the quote by Findling & Thackery?

Answer 15

“Parliament deliberately taxed the colonies to raise revenue for the empire – an action not previously undertaken”.

Question 16

What did Thompson say about the initial response to the Stamp Act?

Answer 16

“The initial response was not one of indignation, but resignation”

Question 17

When were the Stamp Acts?

Answer 17

1764 - November 1765

Question 18

According to Cantwell, which group did it tend to affect most?

Answer 18

It tended “to affect the more prosperous most”.

Question 19

How did the Stamp Act have to be paid?

Answer 19

In Specie.

Question 20

What revenue did the British expect from the Stamp Act?

Answer 20

£60,000.

Question 21

When were the Virginia Resolves?

Answer 21

May 1765.

Question 22

Who proposed the Virginia Resolves?

Answer 22

Patrick Henry.

Question 23

According to Thomas, what did the Virginia Resolves do?

Answer 23

“The Virginia resolves changed the mood of America” (Thomas).

Question 24

How many Virginia Resolves were there? How many were accepted?

Answer 24

7. Only 4 were accepted.

Question 25

How many of the Virginia Resolves were published and where?

Answer 25

All 7 were published in many colonial newspapers, most prominently the Boston Gazette.

Question 26

What did the Boston Gazette say about the Stamp Act?

Answer 26

People are “Miserably burthen’d and oppress’d with taxes”

Question 27

When was there widespread mob violence?

Answer 27

August 1765.

Question 28

How many Bostonians burnt an effigy (and of what)?

Answer 28

5,000 Bostonians burnt an Effigy of Andrew Oliver on August 24 1765.

Question 29

What was the mob violence in New York?

Answer 29

Major James had 130 British soldiers but thousands of rioters destroyed his home and turned on the governor. Rebels publicly burnt the stamps.

Question 30

Which state enforced the Stamp duties?

Answer 30

By December 1765, Only Georgia had officers to enforce the duties.

Question 31

What does Morison say about trade boycotts?

Answer 31

“Trade boycotts were only annoying” (Morison).

Question 32

In 1765, by how much did trade revenue drop for the British?

Answer 32

In 1765, trade dropped by £300,000 for the British.

Question 33

What Bill was implemented with the repeal of the Stamp Act? When was this?

Answer 33

The Declaratory Act in March 1766.

Question 34

What was the Declaratory Act?

Answer 34

The Declaratory Act said the British could pass law over America, as a subordinate.

Question 35

What does Miller say about the Declaratory Act?

Answer 35

That it was “A naked assertion of parliamentary power” (Miller).

Question 36

When were the Townshend Duties instituted?

Answer 36

June 1767.

Question 37

What did the Proclamation Act do?

Answer 37

It restricted any westward expansion past the Appalachians.

Question 38

Why was the Proclamation Act instituted?

Answer 38

Pontiac’s Rebellion made clear that the simplest solution was to block westward expansion; to protect natives and reduce costs of British stationed troops.

Question 39

How many new Vice Admiralty Courts were created with the Townshend Duties?

Answer 39

3 new Courts.

Question 40

How much revenue were the Townshend Acts expected to achieve?

Answer 40

£40,000.

Question 41

What in 1767 threatened American sovereignty? Why?

Answer 41

That Britain would pay Colonial Governors threatened American sovereignty, as the Colonial Assembly paid Governors. This meant Governors and officials would act independent of legislature.

Question 42

Did trade boycotts in 1767-1770 reduce American trade? Where?

Answer 42

Boston and Pennsylvania, trade dropped by 50%. In Virginia, Maryland and the Carolinas, trade increased.

Question 43

How many soldiers did Lord Hillsborough place in Boston?

Answer 43

The British Government placed 2,000 soldiers with 15,000 civilians in Boston.

Question 44

How many people were tarred and feathered prior to 1770? What groups were these people from?

Answer 44

13 officials and informants Tarred and Feathered prior to 1770.

Question 45

Who wrote the ‘Letters from a farmer’? When?

Answer 45

John Dickinson in 1767.

Question 46

Which assembly was closed under the Townshend Acts?

Answer 46

The New York Assembly was closed for not paying Quartering taxes.

Question 47

Why were soldiers placed in Boston?

Answer 47

It was a response to resistance to the Townshend Acts.

Question 48

How many colonial papers published the ‘Letters from a Farmer’?

Answer 48

19 of 21 Colonial Papers.

Question 49

What does Thompson say about ‘The Letters from a Farmer’?

Answer 49

It is “One of the more widely-read and influential revolutionary tracts” (Thompson).

Question 50

Who sent the circular letter? When?

Answer 50

Sam Adam’s Circular Letter was circulated in 1768.

Question 51

Which Assembly was dissolved for refusing to remove the Circular Letter?

Answer 51

The Massachusetts Assembly.

Question 52

What was the results in Massachusetts after its Assembly was suspended?

Answer 52

The Committee of Safety try independent government, but are too conservative. Hence, mob violence was abundant as the law was not enforced.
This led to Hillsborough bringing troops.

Question 53

Why does Bailyn say Americans were against the British?

Answer 53

Ideas in pamphlets are the reason why radicals were anti-authoritarian as propaganda changed the way many colonists thought.

Question 54

What was the motivation for merchants according to Bailyn?

Answer 54

Merchants were motivated by a desire to protect liberty and profits were secondary.

Question 55

What was the motivation for merchants according to the Progressive historians?

Answer 55

Profits were the primary focus and liberty was a secondary goal.

Question 56

How does the Boston Gazette prove Bailyn’s point?

Answer 56

Propaganda and representation of the event in press was more important than the leaders or the event itself. People adopt the ideas resulting from events and little sentiment to the event itself.

Question 57

How do the Committees of Correspondence display Bailyn’s view?

Answer 57

The expression of discontent which spread throughout the colonies helped develop support and a widespread knowledge of British wrongdoings among all the colonies. This helped create a national sentiment, unifying the colonies more than before against Britain’s tyranny.

Question 58

What does the number 45 symbolize in cartoons?

Answer 58

The Freedom of the Press.

Question 59

What does a man in a hat, kilt or a boot symbolize in cartoons?

Answer 59

Lord Bute, the King’s advisor.

Question 60

What does the judge in a gown or wig represent in cartoons?

Answer 60

Lord Mansfield, chief enemy of the colonists.

Question 61

What does the person with the Boston Port Act represent in cartoons?

Answer 61

Prime Minister North

Question 62

What does Lady Britannia represent in cartoons?

Answer 62

It is a symbol of all good with the British government; rights, justice, liberty. Looks sad as Americans not given equal rights/treatment of Britain.

Question 63

What significance does the Liberty hat have in cartoons?

Answer 63

The Phryghian Hat is a symbol of gained freedom.