unit 4: american political ideologies and beliefs Flashcards
(23 cards)
classical individualism
ideology that centers moral worth of the individual and their rights to personal freedom, autonomy, and self-determination. tends to let individuals make choices that benefit them independently of the government—government should not interfere
equality of opportunity
all individuals should have chances to pursue success and achieve their goals regardless of background. “formal equality of opportunity” refers to reducing systemic barriers, “substantive equality of opportunity” refers to meaningful access to opportunities accordingly
free enterprise
private individuals or businesses operate with minimal government intervention, meaning the market is driven by competition and consumer choice. encourages innovation, efficiency, and independent property ownership
modern individualism
emphasized moral worth of the individual and advocates for personal autonomy, self-reliance, and pursuit of own goals and happiness. highlights preference for personal freedom over collective control
civic organizations
organizations that improve community and promote social welfare through activities like advocacy, volunteering, and education
civic education
reaching and learning processes that prepare individuals to participate in civic life
globalization
process by which businesses, cultures, and governments become interconnected and interdependent across the globe. facilitates exchange of ideas, goods, services, and information across the globe
political socialization
process through which individuals acquire political beliefs, values, and behaviors. often comes from family or peers
socializing agents
individuals, groups, or institutions that influence development of political beliefs and values throughout their life
great depression
economic downturn lasting from 1929 to late 1930s causing massive unemployment, deflation, and economic decline
social norms
unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior within a society
socialist views
political and economic belief advocating for social ownership and democratic control of the means of production. often emphasize need for wealth redistribution, social equality, and collective decision-making
anti-war movement
movement popular during the vietnam war meant to promote peace, civil rights, and pacifist government policy
countercultural movement
movement that actively rejects and opposes existing cultural norms and values
democratic national committe
formal governing body for the democratic party that promotes the platform, coordinates fundraising, and organizes national party conventions
great recession
economic downturn that occurred from late 2007 to mid 2009 that marked the most significant financial crisis since the great depression
housing market collapse
significant decline in housing prices and surge in foreclosures that occurred from 2007-2008, influencing public perception of the economy
nixon administration
administration from 1969 to 1974 that saw a shift in american political ideology due to policies meant to foster a new conservatism and navigate the cold war
vietnam war
conflict lasting from late 1950s to 1975 between North Vietnam and its communist allies vs South Vietnam and the U.S.
watergate scandal
scandal involving the nixon administration and a break-in at the DNC headquarters and the subsequent cover-up. led to heightened scrutiny of presidential power and accountability
opinion polls
polls that gather info about people’s attitudes and views on various political issues. includes benchmark polls, entrance/exit polls
benchmark/tracking polls
conducted regularly to measure public opinion on certain issues over time
