UNIT 4: AMERICAN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND BELIEFS

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UNIT 4: AMERICAN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND BELIEFS

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Core values - include individualism

Answer 3

equal opportunity

Question 4

Individualism - each person has the ability to shape their life and destiny through the choices they make

Question 5

Equal opportunity - all people are given an equal chance to compete

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Free enterprise - the market determines prices

Answer 6

products

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Rule of law - every person

Answer 7

even those in power

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Political socialization - the process by which individuals develop political beliefs

Answer 8

values

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United States political culture - its democratic ideals

Answer 9

principles

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Globalization - process of interaction and integration among people

Answer 10

companies

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Political ideology - a set of political ideas and beliefs on how society should function in achieving and prioritizing goals and methods ; influenced by generational effects and life cycle effects

Answer 11

political events

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Generational effects - experiences shared by people of a common age

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Life cycle effects - experiences a person encounters during different life stages

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Scientific poll - a human research survey of public opinion using statistical information to randomly select representative respondents and obtain timely results through unbiased questioning

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Opinion poll - measuring public opinion on various issues

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Benchmark poll - creating baseline views of a candidate

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Tracking poll - following how views of a candidate change during a campaign

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Exit poll - collecting data on why people voted the way they did

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Polling methodology - more precise when it includes: i. Accurate sampling methods

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including calculating a margin of error ii. Neutral framing of questions (specific and unbiased wording of questions) iii. Accurate reporting (clear reporting and conclusions that can be supported by the data)

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Public opinion - collective opinion on a topic or issue or voting intention relevant to society

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Democratic Party - a major political party that generally aligns more closely to liberal ideological positions ; D or DEM

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Liberalism - favor more governmental regulation of the marketplace ; generally favor more national government involvement to address some social issues such as education and public health

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with less responsibility for these issues left to state governments

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Republican Party - a major political party that generally aligns more closely to conservative ideological positions ; R or GOP

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Conservatism - favor fewer regulations in the marketplace ; generally favor less national government involvement to address some social issues such as education and public health

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with more responsibility for these issues left to state governments

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Libertarianism - favor little or no regulation of the marketplace beyond the protection of property rights and voluntary trade ; generally favor little national or state government involvement except when national or state government is protecting private property or individual liberty

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Fiscal policy - consists of actions taken by Congress and the president to influence economic conditions and includes Keynesian and supply-side positions

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Keynesian theory - a macroeconomic theory based on how aggregate demand influences economic output and inflation ; effects of aggregative demand on markets can be mitigated by fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize the economy

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Supply-side theory - a macroeconomic theory focused on increasing aggregate supply ; fostered by lowering taxes

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deregulation

Question 29

Monetary policy - consists of actions taken by the Federal Reserve (the Fed) to influence interest rates which affect broader economic conditions

Question 30

Federal Reserve - an independent agency which seeks to achieve maximum employment and price stability