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psychology units 3 & 4 > Unit 4 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 1 Flashcards

The demand for sleep and Importance of sleep to mental wellbeing (64 cards)

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

the level of awareness an individual has of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and existence

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2
Q

Psychological construct

A

an agreed upon description and understanding of things we believe exist but cannot measure or observe

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3
Q

Example of a psychological construct

A

consciousness, because it is believed to exist, but we are unable to physically measure it

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4
Q

Normal Waking Consciousness (NWC)

A

a state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware

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5
Q

Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)

A

a state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness

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6
Q

Naturally occurring altered state of consciousness

A

a type of altered state of consciousness that occurs without intervention
e.g. sleep

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7
Q

Induced altered state of consciousness

A

a type fo altered state of consciousness that occurs due to a purposeful action or aid
e.g. meditation, influence of alcohol/drugs

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8
Q

Consciousness continuum

A

a visual representation of the different states of consciousness that progress from lower levels of awareness to higher levels of awareness

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9
Q

Sleep

A

a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli

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10
Q

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep

A

a type of sleep characterised by rapid eye movement, high levels of brain activity and low levels of physical activity

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11
Q

NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep

A

a type of sleep characterised by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into three different stages

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12
Q

Characteristics of sleep

A
  • reduced ability to control behaviour
  • reduction in control over thoughts
  • perceptual and cognitive distortions
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13
Q

Sleep episode

A

the full duration of time spent asleep

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14
Q

Sleep cycle

A

an approximately 90 minute period that repeats during a sleep episode in which an individual progresses through stages of REM and NREM sleep

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15
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep

A

Sleeper has a highly active brain and less active body
- virtually paralysed
- vivid dreaming occurs
- light stage of sleep

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16
Q

Characteristics of NREM sleep

A

Less active brain than normal waking consciousness, physical movement is possible
- time spent in NREM sleep is highest during the first half of the sleep episode, becomes shorter with each sleep cycle

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17
Q

NREM stage 2

A

relatively light sleep, majority of time spent asleep

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17
Q

NREM stage 1

A

awake into light sleep. Sleeper loses awareness of themselves and surroundings, but aware of faint sounds; can be easily awoken

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18
Q

NREM stage 3

A

deep stage of sleep, difficult to wake sleeper, if awoken they will feel drowsy and disoriented

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19
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain

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20
Q

Frequency

A

number of brain waves per second

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21
Q

Amplitude

A

intensity and height of the brain waves

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22
Q

Brain waves when awake/alert

A

high frequency and low amplitude

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23
Q

Brain waves when in deep sleep

A

low frequency and high amplitude

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24
EEG readings in NREM sleep stage 1
high frequency and low amplitude, but lower frequency and higher amplitude than NWC
24
EEG readings in REM sleep
high frequency and low amplitude
25
EEG readings in NREM sleep stage 2
medium frequency and medium amplitude
26
EEG reading in NREM sleep stage 3
low frequency and high amplitude
27
Electromyograph (EMG)
a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the body's muscles
28
Electro-oculograph (EOG)
a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes
29
Sleep diary
a record containing self-reported descriptions from an individual about their sleeping periods
30
Video monitoring
use of camera and audio technologies to record an individual as they sleep
31
Neonatal/newborn period (0-2 weeks)
Approximately 16 hours sleep, 50% REM, 50% NREM
32
Infancy (3-24 months)
Approximately 13-14 hours sleep, 35% REM, 65% NREM
33
Childhood (2-14 years)
Approximately 11-12 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM
34
Adolescence (14-18 years)
Approximately 9 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM biological delayed sleep onset, will be sleepier later and wake up later
35
Adulthood (18-75 years)
Approximately 7-8 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM
36
Old age (75+ years)
Approximately 6 hours sleep, 20% REM, 80% NREM Biological shift forward, sleep earlier and wake up earlier
37
Circadian rhythm
Biological and behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours. Sleep-wake cycle is a type of circadian rhythm
38
Body clock
refers to the circadian rhythm, which regulates the sleep-wake cycle
39
Sleep-wake cycle
24-hour-cycle that is made up of time spent sleeping and time spent awake/alert
40
Ultradian rhythm
Biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours e.g. sleep cycles
41
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
area of the hypothalamus that is responsible for regulating an individual's sleep-wake patterns
42
How does the SCN regulate the sleep-wake cycle?
receive information from both internal and external cues which dictate the message the SCN sends to the pineal gland
43
Pineal gland
gland in the brain responsible for the production and release of melatonin
44
Melatonin
hormone released by the pineal gland to induce sleep as part of the sleep-wake cycle
45
Role of cortisol in the sleep-wake cycle
adrenal cortex releases cortisol in the morning to promote wakefulness and alertness
46
Sleep deprivation
inadequate quantity or quality of sleep
47
Full Sleep Deprivation
individual has no sleep within a 24 hours period
48
Partial Sleep Deprivation
inadequate or poor quality of sleep within a 24 hour period
49
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
measure of how much alcohol is in a person's bloodstream
50
Alcohol
a depressant drug
51
Sleep disorders
disturbances to typical sleeping and waking patterns
52
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
sleep disorders that interfere with the typical regulation of the circadian rhythm of sleep
53
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)
type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur later than usual
54
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome (ASPD)
type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur earlier than usual
55
What is DSPS and ASPD caused by?
misalignment between external and internal cues that regulate the circadian rhythm
56
DSPS v.s. ASPD
melatonin secretion occurs later for individuals with DSPS and earlier for individuals with ASPD
57
Shift work
an occupation that involves working at unusual hours
58
Bright Light Therapy
a method used to adjust a person's circadian rhythm through exposure to a high-intensity light source
59
Sleep hygiene
practices and habits that promote an individual's sleep patterns
60
Zeitgebers
External cues from the environment that influence the circadian rhythm
61
Blue Light
Type of light that can be emitted both naturally and artificially
62
How do daylight and blue light act as zeitgebers?
Cease melatonin production and promote wakefulness

psychology units 3 & 4 (5 decks)

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