Unit 4 AOS 2: Aid Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
What is global health
A
- Health of populations in a worldwide context
- Goes beyond perspectives and concerns of individual countries
- Is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide
2
Q
What is human development?
A
- Enhancing human abilities
(develop knowledge, live a long and health life, achieving a decent standard of living) - Creating conditions for human development
(participation in political and community life, human security and human rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability)
3
Q
What is the interrelationship between Health and Human Development?
A
- PMS
- Good health allows individuals in living a long and healthy life and contributes to children being able to attend school and develop knowledge they need to make choices about their everyday lives
4
Q
What is the interrelationship between health and sustainability?
A
- Economic, social, environmental sustainability
- Good health allows children to attend school increasing social sustainability
- When people are healthy there is a greater chance for them to attend school and get education and then find secure employment and earn an income increasing economic sustainability
- People who earn a good income increase their rate of having access to safe water, food and shelter which increases economic and environmental sustainability
5
Q
What is the interrelationship between human development and sustainability?
A
- With human development comes increase knowledge and education
- It is through education that individuals develop the knowledge and skills required to promote all three types of sustainability
6
Q
What is sustainable human development?
A
- Current/future generations reaching their full potential
- And leading healthy, creative and productive lives in accordance with their needs and interests
- Enables current/future generations to participate in the lives of their communities and influence the decisions that affect their lives
7
Q
What is emergency aid?
A
- Rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering
- Can be provided through provision of food, medicine, shelter, health workers, doctors
- Short term and used to keep people alive
8
Q
What is bilateral aid?
A
- Provision of aid from the government of one country to another
9
Q
What is multilateral aid?
A
- Aid provided through international organisations such as WHO
- Combines donations from a number of countries and distributes them to recipients
- Addresses health issues on a global level
10
Q
What is NGO aid?
A
- Operates separate from the Government
- Non profit organisation
- Focus on meeting basic health needs, community development and emergency aid
e. g. World Vision Australia
11
Q
Who is DFAT? What do they provide to developing countries?
A
- Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
- Government provides Official Development Assistance
- Government committed approx 28% of GNI for overseas aid
- Provides aid to 75 countries including Indonesia and Papa New Guinea
12
Q
How does Australian government provide aid?
A
- Providing funds to international organisations such as the UN and WHO (multilateral aid)
- Providing humanitarian assistance in times of need (emergency aid)
- Forming bilateral partnerships with developing countries
- Funding NGO’s
13
Q
What are the six priority areas for Australia’s aid initiative?
A
- Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
- Agriculture, fisheries and water
- Education and health
- Gender equality and empowering women and girls
- Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
- Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection
14
Q
What is infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
A
- Refers to improving infrastructure in developing countries as well as improving trade opportunities and reducing poverty
- Without sustainable infrastructure people cannot get access to health clinics which can impact on children going to school as they are sick and therefore not getting an education
15
Q
What is education and health?
A
- Works to improve health by having equitable, accesible and affordable health systems for all people so everyone can live healthy and productive lives
- Works to improve education so people can live productive lives in accordance with their needs and interests (earn an income)
16
Q
What is gender equality and empowering women and girls?
A
- By empowering women and girls, benefits can involve higher average incomes, greater levels of income and healthier communities
- Autralian-Pacific Women Parliamentarians Partnership helps address low levels of women representation in Pacific politics
17
Q
What is effective governance?
A
- Refers to forming well-functioning governments which can work to provide stability and maintain law and order by ensuring disputes can be resolved in a civilised matter
- Aus has helped Solomon Islands to improve budget processes allowing them to meet debt obligations and increase revenue
18
Q
What is building resilience?
A
- Providing humanitarian assistance in crisis situations
- Can be done through providing funds to NGO’s such as Red cross which provide humanitarian assistance
19
Q
What is agriculture, fisheries and water?
A
- Works to improve agricultural and water management practices
- Does this through strengthening markets, innovating for productivity and promoting effective policy
- In Cambodia, Aus is assisting with efficient use of irrigation water by working with government and NGO
20
Q
What is the United Nations?
A
- International organisation
- Purpose is to bring all nations of the world to work together for peace and development
- Based on principles of justice, human dignity and the well being of all people
21
Q
4 Organisations that work for the UN
A
- WHO
- UNICEF
- World Bank
- World Food Programme
22
Q
4 Areas of focus for the UN
A
- Promoting human rights
- Promoting world peace and security
- Providing humanitarian assistance
- Promoting social and economic development
23
Q
How can the UN promote world peace and security?
A
- Issue a ceasefire that can help prevent ongoing conflict
- Send peacekeeping forces to help reduce tensions and separate opposing forces and establish a calm and peaceful environment
24
Q
How can the UN promote human rights?
A
- Through the UN human rights council which is responsible for the strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights which sets out basic human rights to which all people are entitled
25
What are human rights?
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights
- Everyone as the right to a standard of living adequate for health and wellbeing of oneself and their family e.g. food, shelter
- Everyone has the right to freedom of thought
- Everyone has the right to education
26
How does the UN provide humanitarian assistance?
- UN raises billions of dollars from international donors and appeals
- Also coordinates responses through key humanitarian bodies such as UN Childrens fund and the World Food Programme
27
How does the UN promote social and economic development?
- UNDP assists governments in implementing policies, programs and strategies to improve social and economic development
e. g.
- Promoting higher standards of living
- Encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
28
What is UNCIEF?
- Organisation that works for the UN
- Aims to uphold the rights of children worldwide by working to promote education
- Eliminate child labour and abuse
- Prevent HIV among children
- Provide immunisations
29
What is WFP
- World Food Programme
- Works to eliminate world hunger by providing emergency food aid and promoting sustainable food security in developing countries
30
What is the aim of WHO?
- Concerned with promoting global health
31
What are the 6 WHO priorities?
- Health related sustainable development goals
- Non communicable diseases
- Social, economic and environmental determinants
- Increased access to medical products
- International health regulations
- Universal health coverage
32
What is universal health coverage?
- Ensures that all people can have access to health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them
33
What is the health related sustainable development goals?
- The world must sustain the gains made toward the SDG "Good health and wellbeing" ad help create equal levels of achievement
34
What is meant by the priority non communicable diseases?
- Combating non-communicable diseases
- Cancers
- Cardiovascular disease (heart attack/stroke)
- Chronic respiratory disease
- Diabetes
35
What is meant by the priority International Health Regulations?
- Outlines measures countries should take to reduce the spread of diseases from the microbial world
e. g. quarantine
36
What is meant by the priority access essential, high quality, effective and affordable medical products?
- Priority recognises that equity in health depends upon access to essential, high quality and affordable medical technologies and medicines
37
What is meant by the priority addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants
- Recognises that to improve health outcomes and increase life expectancy action is needed across a range of factors outside the health system
e,g, access to clean water and sanitation, poverty
38
What program is World Vision involved with? What type of aid is it?
- Humanitarian and emergency relief
| - Provides rapid emergency relief to people affected by war and conflict
39
What program is Aus Red Cross involved with? What type of aid is it?
- Meeting humanitarian needs in crises
| - Aus Red Cross contributes to emergency relief operations for major disasters/armed conflicts
