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VCE Psychology Units 3&4 > Unit 4 AOS 2 - What Influences Wellbeing? > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 2 - What Influences Wellbeing? Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental health

A

Mental health the current state of a person’s psychological wellbeing and functioning

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2
Q

Mental health continuum

A

Mental health continuum
a tool used to track progression of mental health which constantly fluctuates over time, progressing from mentally healthy, to mental health problems, to mental
health disorders

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3
Q

Mentally healthy

A

Mentally healthy a psychological state that allows an individual
to function independently
and effectively within their environment, display resilience and have high social and emotional wellbeing

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4
Q

Mental health problem

A

Mental health problem
a psychological state that is temporarily hindered by the presence of a disturbance to normal functioning, which has negative, but not severe impacts on everyday functioning

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5
Q

Mental health disorder

A

Mental health disorder
a psychological state characterised by the presence
of a severe disturbance and sense of distress which significantly impacts an individual’s ability
to function independently

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6
Q

Internal factors

A

Internal factors factors which arise from within the individual and contribute to their
mental health

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7
Q

External factors

A

External factors factors which arise from the environment of an individual and contribute to their mental health

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8
Q

Functioning

A

Functioning the way in which an individual approaches everyday demands and operates within their environment

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9
Q

High levels of functioning

A

High levels of functioning
the ability for an individual to approach day-to-day tasks independently and effectively meet everyday demands

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10
Q

Wellbeing

A

Wellbeing a state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure

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11
Q

Social wellbeing

A

Social wellbeing the ability for an individual to form bonds with others and maintain positive relationships

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12
Q

Emotional wellbeing

A

Emotional wellbeing the ability for an individual to appropriately control and express their own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others

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13
Q

Resilience

A

Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state

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14
Q

Informed consent

A

Informed consent ensuring participants have a thorough understanding of the procedures involved in the research they are partaking in, including potential harm or risks, and still willingly agree to participate

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15
Q

Placebo

A

Placebo a procedure or substance with no active treatment

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16
Q

The placebo effect

A

The placebo effect changes to an individual’s mental or physical state as a result of a false belief in the effects of a placebo substance or procedure

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17
Q

The Four P model

A

The Four P model a framework to understand the impact of different factors on the development and progression of a mental health disorder

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18
Q

Predisposing risk factor

A

Predisposing risk factor a risk factor that increases an individual’s susceptibility to developing a mental health disorder

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19
Q

Precipitating risk factor

A

Precipitating risk factor a
risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurrence of developing a mental health disorder

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20
Q

Perpetuating risk factor

A

Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder

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21
Q

Protective factor

A

Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders

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22
Q

The biopsychosocial model

A

The biopsychosocial model a framework for approaching mental health that suggests that biological, psychological and social factors
all interact and contribute to the development of mental illness

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23
Q

Biological risk factors

A

Biological risk factors factors relating to the body that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder

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24
Q

Genetic vulnerability

A

Genetic vulnerability a person’s genetic predisposition that increases their susceptibility
to developing a mental health disorder

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25
Poor response to medication
Poor response to medication when medication is not effective due to genetic factors
26
Poor sleep
Poor sleep inadequate sleep quality or quantity
27
Substance use
Substance use use of either legal or illegal drugs
28
Psychological risk factors
Psychological risk factors factors relating to cognitive and affective functioning that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder
29
Rumination
Rumination repeatedly focusing on negative psychological thoughts and experiences
30
Impaired reasoning and memory
Impaired reasoning and memory cognitive biases that limit a person’s ability to think about an event in a rational, constructive way and to remember it accurately
31
Stress
Stress psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual does not feel as though they have adequate resources to cope with a stressor
32
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy a person’s confidence in their ability to complete tasks and meet goals
33
Social risk factors
Social risk factors factors relating to an individual’s interaction with their external environment and other people that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder
34
Disorganised attachment
Disorganised attachment the inconsistent behaviour displayed by an infant towards their main caregiver when they are not provided with consistent and adequate support
35
Loss of a significant relationship
Loss of a significant relationship losing a relationship that involved considerable emotional attachment
36
Stigma
Stigma a mark of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual for a characteristic that distinguishes them from others
37
Cumulative risk
Cumulative risk the significantly increased risk of developing a mental health disorder that occurs when an individual has multiple risk factors present in their lives at the same time
38
Stress
Stress a psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual encounters a stressor
39
Anxiety
Anxiety a psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension
40
Specific phobia
Specific phobia a type of anxiety disorder that is categorised by excessive and disproportionate fear when encountering a particular stimulus
41
GABA dysfunction
GABA dysfunction an insufficient neural transmission or reception of GABA in the body
42
Biological stress response
Biological stress response the activation of autonomic nervous system responses in the face of a stressor
43
Long-term potentiation
Long-term potentiation the long- lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections
44
Precipitating risk factor
Precipitating risk factor a risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurence of developing a mental health disorder
45
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli
46
Perpetuating risk factor
Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder
47
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives
48
Cognitive bias
Cognitive bias a predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way
49
Memory bias
Memory bias a form of cognitive bias caused by inaccuracy or exaggeration in the recall of an event
50
Catastrophic thinking
Catastrophic thinking a kind of cognitive bias in which a stimulus or event is predicted to be far worse than it is likely to be in reality
51
Specific environmental triggers
Specific environmental triggers stimuli or experiences in a person’s environment that prompt an extreme stress response
52
Stigma around seeking treatment
Stigma around seeking treatment the sense of shame a person might feel about getting professional help
53
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines a type of short- acting anti-anxiety medication that works to reduce anxiety
54
Agonists
Agonists a type of drug that imitates neurotransmitters and works to initiate a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) when it binds to the receptor sites of a neuron
55
Antagonist
Antagonist a type of drug that works to prevent a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) by blocking the receptor sites of a neuron
56
Breathing retraining
Breathing retraining a method used to teach someone breathing control techniques that they can apply when facing their phobic stimulus
57
Exercise
Exercise the performance of physical activity to improve a person’s health and wellbeing
58
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) a form of psychotherapy which encourages individuals to substitute unhealthy cognitions and behaviours with more healthy ones.
59
Systematic desensitisation
Systematic desensitisation a therapy technique used to overcome phobia involving a patient being exposed incrementally to increasingly anxiety-inducing stimuli, combined with the use of relaxation techniques.
60
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation teaching individuals to better understand mental disorders and how to deal with and treat them
61
Adversity
Adversity the experience of a difficult or distressing situation
62
Resilience
Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state
63
Protective factor
Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders
64
Biological protective factors
Biological protective factors factors that increase resilience by supporting healthy physiological functioning
65
Adequate diet
Adequate diet a diet in which a person is provided with the nutrients and energy required to function healthily and effectively
66
Adequate sleep
Adequate sleep having enough and the right type of uninterrupted REM and NREM sleep in order to function healthily and effectively
67
Psychological protective factors
Psychological protective factors factors that promote resilience by supporting a person’s mental and cognitive functioning
68
Cognitive and behavioural strategies
Cognitive and behavioural strategies the techniques of cognitive behavioural therapy used to promote an individual’s psychological resilience
69
Social protective factors
Social protective factors factors that increase resilience by providing social support
70
Social support
Social support the provision of assistance and care from family, friends, or the community
71
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change a model which assesses an individual’s readiness to change by looking at the different stages an individual may progress through as they move towards healthier behaviour
72
Pre-contemplation stage
Pre-contemplation stage during this stage the individual is unaware that their behaviour is problematic or unhealthy and has no intention to change their behaviour in the next six months
73
Contemplation stage
Contemplation stage during this stage the individual is aware that their behaviour is problematic or unhealthy and is considering taking action within the next six months, but has no active commitment to do so
74
Preparation stage
Preparation stage during this stage the individual has begun to take an active commitment towards changing their behaviour within the next 30 days
75
Action stage
Action stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for less than six months
76
Maintenance stage
Maintenance stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for more than six months and is working to prevent relapse
77
Relapse
Relapse a setback involving the return to a problem behaviour

VCE Psychology Units 3&4 (5 decks)

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