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Earth Science > Unit 4 - Astronomy Part 1 (Seasons) > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Astronomy Part 1 (Seasons) Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Most objects in the solar system are in _____ motion.

A

regular and predictable

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2
Q

The closer a planet is to the sun, the _____ the gravitational attraction.

A

stronger

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3
Q

The closer a planet is to the sun, the _____ its velocity as it orbits.

A

faster

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4
Q

All planets orbit in elliptical shaped orbits with the sun at one _____.

A

foci

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5
Q

Gravity is greatest when the…

A

mass of objects is large and the distance between them is low.

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6
Q

As the distance between foci increases, the eccentricity…

A

increases (closer to 1)

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7
Q

The apparent diameter of objects gets _____ when they are closer.

A

larger

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8
Q

The more circular the orbit is the _____ eccentric it is.

A

less

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9
Q

The _____ model has Earth in the center.

A

Geocentric

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10
Q

The closer the eccentricity is to _____ the more circular it is.

A

0

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11
Q

The closer the eccentricity is to _____ the more eccentric the orbit is.

A

1

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12
Q

The _____ model has the sun in the center.

A

heliocentric

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13
Q

The shape of earth’s orbit is…

A

extremely round, almost perfect but is slightly elliptical (on ESRT)

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14
Q

To people on Earth, the _____ of the planet makes it seem as though the Sun, Moon, and the stars are moving around the Earth once a day.

A

rotation

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15
Q

Stars like the Sun appear to move at _____ because the Earth rotates _____.

A

15 degrees per hour

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16
Q

The only star that does not appear to move is _____ because it is directly above the Earth’s axis of rotation.

A

Polaris

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17
Q

The Earth rotates from west to east over 24 hours at a rate of _____.

A

15 degrees per hour

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18
Q

The Earth revolves completely around the Sun in …

A

365 1/4 days at a rate of 1 degree per day.

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19
Q

All celestial objects appear to move from _____ in the sky.

A

east to west

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20
Q

_____ are evidence that the Earth rotates.

A

Foucault’s pendulum and Coriolis effect

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21
Q

Winds and ocean currents are deflected (curved) because of _____.

A

the coriolis effect

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22
Q

Evidence that the Earth is revolving around the Sun: _____ and _____

A

changing seasons and constellations.

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23
Q

Earth revolves around the Sun with its axis tilted _____ degrees.

A

23.5

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24
Q

The Earth’s North Pole is aligned with _____.

A

Polaris

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25
_____ are caused by: Earth's revolution around the Sun, the tilt of Earth's axis, and parallelism of Earth's axis.
Earth's seasons
26
The _____ causes unequal heating of Earth's atmosphere and this produces seasons.
tilt of Earth's axis
27
The Earth is closer to the Sun during New York's _____ season.
winter
28
The Sun appears _____ in our winter.
larger (because we are closer to the Sun)
29
_____ - The Earth is closer to the Sun.
Perihelion
30
_____ - The Earth is farthest away from the Sun.
Aphelion
31
The higher the altitude of the Sun, the _____ the shadow.
shorter
32
Shadows are the _____ at sunrise and sunset.
longest
33
Shadows are the _____ at noon.
shortest
34
Noon shadows are the shortest in NY on _____
June 21st
35
Noon shadows are the longest in NY on _____
December 21st
36
The altitude of the sun is only measured in ...
degrees (do not give a compass direction like north or south)
37
Winter Solstice is around _____
December 21st
38
On the winter solstice the northern hemisphere is tilted _____ .
away from the Sun
39
On the winter solstice the direct rays of the sun hit the _____
Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 degrees South
40
On the winter solstice the sunrise is _____, sunset is _____in NYS.
sunrise is SE, sunset is SW
41
On the winter solstice the duration of insolation is _____ in NYS.
9 hours
42
On the winter solstice there are _____ hours of night at the North Pole and _____ of daylight at the South Pole.
24 hours of night at the North Pole and 24 of daylight at the South Pole
43
The dates of the equinoxes are...
March 21st (Vernal equinox) September 21st (Autumnal equinox)
44
On the Equinoxes the direct rays of the sun hit _____.
the Equator (0 degrees latitude)
45
On the Equinoxes the sunrise is in the _____ and sunset is in the _____ in NYS.
sunrise is in the east and sunset is in the west
46
On the Equinoxes there are ___ hours of day and night.
12 hours of day and night (everywhere on Earth)
47
The Summer solstice is around _____.
June 21st
48
On the Summer Solstice the northern hemisphere is _____
tilted toward the sun
49
On the Summer Solstice the direct rays of the sun hit the ______.
Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees North)
50
On the Summer Solstice sunrise is _____ sunset is _____ in NYS.
sunrise is NE sunset is NW
51
The Sun will never be _____ in NYS.
directly overhead (90 degrees)
52
The Sun will only be directly above ____ degrees North and _____ degrees South.
23.5 degrees North and 23.5 degrees South (Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn)
53
The _____ is the point directly over your head (90 degrees)
zenith
54
Insolation stands for ______.
IN-coming SOLar radiATION (radiation from the Sun)
55
_____ means how long is the sun up over the horizon.
Duration
56
The _____ the Sun is in the sky, the more intense it is.
higher
57
The duration of insolation is ____ hours on the Equinox.
12
58
As the Sun's angle increases, the Sun's _____ increases.
intensity
59
In NYS an observer must always look ______ to see the noon Sun.
South
60
The sun is never at an observer's ______ in NYS
zenith (90 degrees)
61
Black objects absorb ______ than white.
more energy
62
The duration of insolation at the Equator is ______ hours.
always 12
63
Objects with a rough surface absorb ______ than smooth surfaces.
more energy

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