unit 4 bio test

Question 1

nucleic acid, biomolecules, DNA, polymer, monomer, nucleotides –> put those in order

Answer 1

biomolecules –> nucleic acid
polymer –> DNA
monomer –> Nucleotides

Question 2

what is DNA made of?

Answer 2

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous

Question 3

back bone of DNA made of?

Answer 3

5 carbon sugar and phosphate group

Question 4

rungs of DNA made of?

Answer 4

nitrogenous bases

Question 5

which goes with which?

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Answer 5

adenine –> thymine
cytosine –> guanine

Question 6

what does hydrogen bonding do?

Answer 6

bonds the two bases together

Question 7

what are the bases responsible for?

Answer 7

genes –> traits

Question 8

what are purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 8

if the nitrogen base has a double ring or a single ring

Question 9

which bases are purines or pyrimidines?

Answer 9

adenine and guanine are pyrimidines

cytosine and thymine are purines

Question 10

bases for RNA?

Answer 10

cytosine and guanine
adenine and URACIL

Question 11

sugar for RNA?

Answer 11

ribose

Question 12

shade of RNA?

Answer 12

singe strand

Question 13

why does DNA replicate?

Answer 13

growth
repair
development
asexual reproduction

Question 14

which strand has 3’ and 5’?

Answer 14

the leading strand is split on the 3’ end and the lagging strand is split on the 5’ end

Question 15

what does helicase do?

Answer 15

unwinds and unzips and DNA

Question 16

what does primase do?

Answer 16

the primase puts the polyermase on the strands

Question 17

what does the polyermase do?

Answer 17

polymerase builds new strand in the 5’3’ direction

Question 18

which strand is harder for the polymerase for it to do its job, it has to jump around

Answer 18

the lagging strand

Question 19

what does the ligase do?

Answer 19

ligase adds the glue that seals gaps between okazaki fragments

Question 20

what are the okazaki fragments?

Answer 20

fragments built on the lagging strand

Question 21

what does semi-conservative mean?

Answer 21

old strand is conserved and a new strand is added to make two new copies of DNA

Question 22

what happens during prokaryotic replication?

Answer 22

binary fission

Question 23

what is binary fission?

Answer 23

simple process of replicating DNA and dividing in two (no nucleus)

Question 24

list phases in interphase?

Answer 24

G1, S, G2

Question 25

Is mitosis or interphase longer?

Answer 25

interphase

Question 26

what happens in G1 phase?

Answer 26

cell growth and protein synthesis

Question 27

what happens in S phase?

Answer 27

DNA replication

Question 28

what happens in G2 phase?

Answer 28

cell organelles are produced to prepare for cell division

Question 29

what is G0 phase?

Answer 29

when the cell is not dividing

Question 30

mitosis

Answer 30

part of the cell cycle when cell divides

Question 31

list PMAT

Answer 31

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 32

what are checkpoints?

Answer 32

regulate the cell cycle

Question 33

list the interphase checkpoints

Answer 33

G1 > nutrients and growth factors S > damaged DNA G2 > damaged DNA M > chromosomes misalignment

Question 34

cancer

Answer 34

uncontrolled proliferation of cells

Question 35

benign

Answer 35

cells grow as compact mass and remain and site of origin

Question 36

malignant

Answer 36

growth of cells in uncontrolled and spreads to surrounding tissue

Question 37

chromosome

Answer 37

compact DNA for reproduction

Question 38

what happens in prophase

Answer 38

nuclear envelope breaks down chromatin turn into chromosomes longest part of mitosis

Question 39

what happens in metaphase

Answer 39

chromosomes align along the middle of the cell spindle fibers attatch to centrometeres

Question 40

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 40

chromosomes are separated at centrometre into chromotids chromatids are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers

Question 41

what happens in telophase?

Answer 41

cleavage is formed spindle fibers disappear chromatids wind into chromosomes nuclear membrane reappears > two new nuclei

Question 42

cytokinesis

Answer 42

parent cell splits into two cells

Question 43

complementary strand

Answer 43

either of the two chains that make a double helix

Question 44

anti parallel strands

Answer 44

both strands run in opposite directions, 3'/5' --> 5'/3'

Question 45

what is gene expression

Answer 45

certain genes turned on and off depending on what the cell is used for

Question 46

somatic cells

Answer 46

any cell that isnt a reproductive cells, only cell that goes through mitosis