UNIT 4: Central Nervous System

Question 1

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 1

The complex of nerves and tissues that control the body’s activities

Question 2

The CNS is divided into what 2 parts?

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 3

The brain: Cortex

Answer 3

outer portion of gray matter

Question 4

The brain: White matter

Answer 4

inner layer

Question 5

Parts of the brain

Answer 5

► Cortex: outer portion of gray matter
► White matter: inner layer
► Cerebrum (forebrain)
► Cerebellum (hindbrain)
► Brain stem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata

Question 6

Cerebrum

Answer 6

► Largest part of the brain
► Also known as the forebrain
► Sulci and grooves divide it into lobes and lobules
► Longitudinal sulcus: deep cleft that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
► Corpus callosum: large commissure between the hemispheres for passage of nerve signals
► Ventricles: cavities in the center of the cerebrum responsible for production, transport, and storage of CSF

Question 7

What divides the cerebrum into lobes and lobules

Answer 7

Sulci and grooves

Question 8

deep cleft that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

Answer 8

Longitudinal sulcus

Question 9

In the Cerebrum, the large commissure between the hemispheres for passage of nerve signals is the

Answer 9

Corpus callosum

Question 10

cavities in the center of the cerebrum responsible for production, transport, and storage of CSF

Answer 10

Ventricles

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

► Largest part of the hindbrain
► Vermis: area where two hemispheres join together
► Surface contains sulci that give it a cauliflower appearance
► Folia: tissues between the sulci

Question 12

area of the cerebellum where two hemispheres join together

Answer 12

Vermis

Question 13

tissues between the sulci in the cerebellum

Answer 13

Folia

Question 14

Brainstem

Answer 14

► Midbrain: most superior aspect of brainstem
► Pons: bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
► Medulla oblongata: bridge between the brain and the spinal cord

Question 15

most superior aspect of brainstem

Answer 15

Midbrain

Question 16

bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata

Answer 16

Pons

Question 17

Bridge between the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 17

Medulla Oblangota

Question 18

Ventricular system: 4 ventricles

Answer 18

►4 irregular, fluid-filled cavities that communicate with one another through connecting channels
- Right lateral ventricle
- Left lateral ventricle
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th Ventricle

Question 19

Ventricular System

Answer 19

► Lateral Ventricles (right and left)
-U shaped
-Body, anterior, posterior, and inferior horns
► Foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen) connects lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
► Third ventricle sits in the midsagittal plane just beneath the lateral ventricles
► Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius) connects third and fourth ventricles
► Fourth ventricle
-Diamond shaped
-Located in the hindbrain
-CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and the lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

Question 20

Lateral Ventricles (right and left)

Answer 20

-U shaped
-Body, anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

Question 21

Foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen)

Answer 21

-connects lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
-communicates with the 3rd ventricle directly, and indirectly with the opposite lateral ventricle

Question 22

Third ventricle

Answer 22

sits in the midsagittal plane just beneath the lateral ventricles

Question 23

Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius)

Answer 23

connects third and fourth ventricles

Question 24

Fourth ventricle

Answer 24

► Diamond shaped
► Located in the hindbrain
► CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and the lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

Question 25

Spinal Cord

Answer 25

- Cord extends from the medulla oblongata at the foramen magnum to L1-L2 - Conus Medullaris: cone shaped pointed tail end - Adult cord is 18 to 20 inches long - 31 spinal nerves - Nerves transmitted through the intervertebral and sacral foramina - Cauda Equina: spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord - Spinal cord and nerves transmit and receive sensory, motor, and reflex messages to and from the brain

Question 26

cone shaped pointed tail end of spinal cord

Answer 26

Conus Medullaris

Question 27

spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord

Answer 27

Cauda Equina

Question 28

Meninges: the 3 protective meningeal layers protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 28

**► Pia mater:** inner sheath, closely adherent to the underlying brain and cord structure **► Arachnoid layer:** middle layer -Subarachnoid space: continuous with the ventricles -Contain the CSF **► Dura mater:** outer layer composed of two layers -Subdural space: space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer -Epidural space: space between the dura mater and the vertebral periosteum

Question 29

What are the 3 protective meningeal layers protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 29

-Pia mater -Arachnoid layer -Dura mater

Question 30

Meninges: Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 30

tent-shaped fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Question 31

Meninges: Dural sac

Answer 31

Dura mater that extends below the spinal cord is the dural sac and it encloses the cauda equina

Question 32

Falx cerebri

Answer 32

layer of dura that runs through interhemispheric fissure and provides support to cerebral hemispheres

Question 33

What is the master endocrine gland of the body

Answer 33

Pituitary gland

Question 34

Filum terminale

Answer 34

Delicate fibrous strand that extends from the terminal tip and attaches the cord to the upper coccygeal segment

Question 35

What is CSF?

Answer 35

Cerebral Spinal Fluid, tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord

Question 36

The midbrain connects the cerebrum to the _______ and _______

Answer 36

Pons, Cerebellum

Question 37

CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the ____________________________ and the ___________________________

Answer 37

-median aperture (foramen of Magendie) -lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

Question 38

Spinal cord extends from the __________________ at the foramen magnum to ____-____

Answer 38

Medulla oblongata, L1-L2

Question 39

Adult spinal cord is ___ to ___ inches long

Answer 39

18-20

Question 40

How many spinal nerves are on the spinal cord

Answer 40

31