Unit 4 - Cognitve Learning

Question 1

Cognitive Maps

Answer 1

-E.C. Tolman
-Mental representations of the layout of the maze (environment).
-After exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.

Question 2

Latent Learning:

Answer 2

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

Question 3

Insight Learning

Answer 3

Sudden and often novel realization of the solution to the problem

Question 4

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

Desire to perform a behavior for your own sake.
You want to do it.

Question 5

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 5

Desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments.
Someone else is encouraging you to do it.

Question 6

Overjustification Effect

Answer 6

Occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a task.

Question 7

Coping

Answer 7

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

Question 8

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 8

Attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Question 9

Emotion-Focused Coping

Answer 9

When we believe we can’t change the situation - Attending to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction.

Question 10

Learned Helplessness

Answer 10

Perceived lack of control. The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns. Giving up, lost confidence

Question 11

External Locus of Control

Answer 11

The perception that change or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.

Ex. luck

Question 12

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 12

Perception that we can control our own fate.

Ex. hard work

Question 13

Self-control

Answer 13

The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.