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HPU Anatomy > Unit 4 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of Posterior Triangle of Neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle

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2
Q

Borders of Anterior Triangle of Neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Midline of neck
Lower border of mandible

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3
Q

What cutaneous branches of the Cervical Plexus emerge from Erb’s Point?

A

Lesser Occipital n.
Great Auricular n.
Transverse cervical n.
Supraclavicular nn.

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve begins outside of the skull at the spinal cord instead of the brain?

A

Spinal Accessory n. (CN XI)

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5
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Scalenes, levator scapulae, splenius mm.

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6
Q

What makes up the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

Vertebrae (medially) and Longus Colli (laterally)

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7
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?

A

branches of Ansa Cervicalis

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8
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial Nerves:
Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), & Hypoglossal (XII)

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9
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are also referred to as…

A

“rectus cervicis” or “strap muscles”

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10
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

Longus Colli & Capitis
Deep to gut tube structures in the anterior triangle, these muscles hug the vertebral bodies

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11
Q

What is Thyroid gland innervated by? Whats its function?

A

Vagus n. (parasympathetic)
Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia (sympathetic)
-Releases hormones into the blood to regulate metabolism, growth & development

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12
Q

What is contained within the Carotid Sheath?

A

Vagus n.
Carotid a. & internal carotid a.
Internal Jugular v.
Glossopharyngeal n. (briefly)
Spinal accessory n. (very briefly)

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13
Q

Where is the Carotid Sheath located? What are landmarks surrounding?

A

Its a facial sleeve deep to sternocleidomastoid.

Sympathetic trunk is just posterior to it
Ansa Cervicalis is just anterior
Phrenic n. is posterior/lateral

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14
Q

What is purpose of Ansa Cervicalis?

A

To innervate the Strap Muscles
C1 supplies upper portion of loop
C2 supplies lower portion of loop

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15
Q

How do Spinal Accessory n., Phrenic n., and Brachial plexus relate to the Cervical Plexus?

A

-Spinal Accessory receives communicating branches from C2-C4
-Phrenic emerges from C3-C5
-Brachial plexus begins at C5

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16
Q

What muscles are in the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior

*all epaxial

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17
Q

What two structures lie on superior surface of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral a.
C1 Spinal n.

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18
Q

What three arteries travel from the neck all the way to the head?

A

Common Carotid a.
Vertebral a.
Deep Cervical a.

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19
Q

List the 8 important branches that come off of External Carotid a.

A

Superior Thyroid a.
Ascending Pharyngeal a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Occipital a.
Posterior Auricular a.
Maxillary a.
Superficial Temporal a.

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20
Q

The neural tube forms what 3 distinct regions of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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21
Q

What are the specialized pocked of gut tube in the head?

A

Oral Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Inner Ear

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22
Q

What special senses are housed within gut tube pockets?

A

Olfaction
Hearing/balance
Taste

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23
Q

What are the four important cranial nerves that come from the branchial arches?

A

Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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24
Q

What is the chondrocranium?

A

derived from notocord, its like an extension of vertebral column that cups & supports the neural tube

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25
What is the splanchnocranium?
derived from gill bars, its suspended from the chondrocranium and is the skeletal component of the gut tube
26
What is the dermatocranium?
derived from neural crest & skin, it shields the neural tube & provides opening of gut tube *also ends up taking some responsibility from splanchnocranium
27
Pharyngeal Arch Muscles
derived from Branchial arches specialized gut tube muscles innervated by the branchial arch feeding nerves (CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X)
28
Occipital Somite Muscles
derived from cranial-most somites innervated by MOTOR-only cranial nerves from back end of brainstem
29
Preotic Myotome Muscles
Extraocular muscles innervated by MOTOR-only cranial nerves from in & around the midbrain
30
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory n. Exits Cribiform Plate Sensory (smell)
31
Cranial Nerve II
Optic n. Exits Optic Canal Sensory (vision)
32
Cranial Nerve III
Occulomotor n. Exits Superior Orbital Fissure Motor: External Orbital Parasympathetic: intrinsic eye m.
33
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochelar n. Exits Superior Orbital Fissure Motor (Superior oblique m.)
34
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal n. Exits Meckles cave Motor & Sensory (Feeding)
35
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens n. Exits Superior Orbital Fissure Motor (Lateral Rectus)
36
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial n. Exits Internal Acoustic Meatus Motor: facial expression Sensory: outer ear & taste anterior 2/3 tongue Parasympathetic: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
37
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear n. Exits Internal Acoustic Meatus Sensory (Hearing & Balance)
38
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal n. Exits Jugular Foramen Motor: stylopharyngeus Sensory: posterior 1/3 tongue, carotid body, pharynx, baroreceptors Parasympathetic: parotid gland
39
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus n. Exits Jugular Foramen Motor: pharyngeal & laryngeal m Sensory: larynx, aortic body, baroreceptors, taste to epiglottis Parasympathetic: thoracic & abdominal viscera
40
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory n. Exits Jugular Foramen (after foramen magnum) Motor (Neck Muscles)
41
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal N. Exits Hypoglossal canal Motor (Tongue Muscles)
42
What do the 4 Feeding Nerves have in common?
-All derived from branchial arches -Have both motor & sensory fibers -Directly supply or have pathways for parasympathetic innervation -Offer pathways for sympathetics in head/neck -Involved in sensation(texture/taste) on tongue & epiglottis
43
What branches of facial nerve stay in the skull?
Greater petrosal n. (nerve of pterygoid canal) Chorda tympani N. to Stapedius
44
What branches of Facial nerve exit the skull? Hint: after the stylomastoid foramen
Nerves of Ansa Facialis & face Posterior Auricular n. N. to stylohyoid N. to posterior belly of digastric
45
What structures pass through Jugular Foramen?
Glossopharyngeal n. Vagus n. Accessory n. Internal Jugular v.
46
What region of the tongue does Glossopharyngeal supply?
Taste AND General sensation of posterior 1/3 of tongue
47
What region of the tongue does Facial supply?
Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
48
What region of tongue does Trigeminal supply?
Sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
49
Aortic Arches
Glossopharyngeal (3rd arch) becomes common carotid Vagus (4th arch) becomes the Arch of the Aorta
50
Trigeminals Divisions
Ophthalmic (V1) = Sensory Maxillary (V2) = Sensory Mandibular (V3) = Sensory & Motor
51
What nerve carries all of the post-synaptic autonomics in the head?
Trigeminal
52
Meninges are supplied by these 3 arteries:
Vertebral External Carotid Internal Carotid
53
Branches of Vertebral Artery
Posterior cerebral a. Posterior Communicating a. Superior Cerebellar a. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar a. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar a. Basilar a.
54
4 Parts of Internal Carotid a.
Cervical Petrous Cavernous Cerebral
55
Diploic and emissary veins drain what?
Drain venous blood out from cranial vault and to the face & scalp *a way infection can spread
56
Arteries of Face & Scalp
Facial Maxillary Superficial Temporal Posterior Auricular Occipital (sometimes Ophthalmic a. too)
57
What are the bones of the chondrocranium?
Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal (petrous portion) Occipital
58
3 Concave regions in the chondrocranium
anterior fossa middle fossa posterior fossa
59
Anterior Cranial Fossa is formed by
frontal bone ethmoid bone lesser wing of sphenoid *landmarks to note = cribiform plate & crista galli
60
Middle Cranial Fossa is formed by
body & greater wing of sphenoid squamous & part of petrous temporal bone *landmarks to note= Sella turcica
61
What passes through Optic Canal?
Optic n. Ophthalmic a.
62
What passes through Superior Orbital Fissure?
Occulomotor n. Trochlear nn. Opthalmic division (V1) of Trigeminal Abducens n. Superior ophthalmic v.
63
What passes through Foramen Rotundum?
Maxillary division (V2) of Trigeminal
64
What passes through Foramen Ovale?
Mandibular division (V3) of Trigeminal Lesser Petrosal n. (from glossopharyngeal)
65
What passes through Foramen Spinosum?
Middle meningeal a. (from Maxillary a.)
66
What passes through Foramen Lacerum?
Greater petrosal n. (from facial n)
67
Posterior Cranial Fossa is formed by
Occipital and Temporal
68
What passes through Internal Acoustic meatus?
Facial n. Vestibulocochlear n.
69
What passes through Hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal n
70
What passes through Foramen Magnum?
Spinal Cord Accessory n.
71
What bones make up the Orbit?
Frontal Greater wing of sphenoid Maxilla Zygomatic Lacrimal Ethmoid Palatine
72
Autonomics to Glands
Parasympathetic stimulates secretions Sympathetics inhibit
73
Branchial Arch skeletal structures
bones of middle ear bony & cartilaginous components of larynx
74
Bones of nasal cavity
vomer ethmoid sphenoid frontal nasal maxilla palatine
75
Cranial Nerve V.1
Ophthalmic Division Exits superior orbital fissure Sensory: upper face & nose
76
Cranial Nerve V.2
Maxillary Division Exits Foramen Rotundum Sensory: midface
77
Cranial Nerve V.3
Mandibular Division Exits Foramen Ovale Sensory: lateral face & chin Motor: muscles of mastication & pharyngeal arch
78
Telencephalon (Forebrain)
Cerebrum -Cerebral Cortex -Basal Ganglia -Hippocampus -Amygdala -Rhinencephalon
79
Diencephalon (Forebrain)
Diencephalon -Thalamus -Epithalamus -Hypothalamus -Pituitary Gland
80
Mesencephalon
Midbrain -Tegmentum & Cerebral Peduncles -Tectum & Corpora Quadrigemina
81
Metencephalon (Hindbrain)
Cerebellum & Pons
82
Myelencephalon (Hindbrain)
Medulla -Olive -Pyramid
83
Structures in the Limbic System and Telencephalon
Amygdala Hippocampus Basal Ganglia
84
Structures in Limbic System but NOT in Telencephalon
Hypothalamus and Thalamus
85
Corpus Callosum
major junction where two hemispheres of brain communicate with one another
86
Anterior Commissure
junction that links the two amygdala
87
Posterior Commissure
junction that links the two brain regions that are largely responsible for pupillary reflex
88
Tegmentum
anterior part of midbrain -cerebral peduncle
89
Tectum
posterior part of midbrain -Corpora Quadrigemina
90
Superior Colliculus
concerned with visual reflexes
91
Inferior Colliculus
concerned with auditory reflexes

HPU Anatomy (3 decks)

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