Unit 4 Exam Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal Cavity
A
Abdominal cavity- is divided into an upper and lower part,
upper contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen
lower (pelvic cavity)- contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine (149)
2
Q
Abduction
A
moving away from the center of the body
3
Q
Adduction
A
moving towards the center of the body
4
Q
Adipose tissue
A
Fatty tissue
5
Q
Afferent nerves
A
pick up senses and changes, the skin is the most responsible
6
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
refers to joints that are slightly movable
7
Q
Amount of blood in a human
A
4-6 gallons
8
Q
Anatomic position
A
Arms out, palms up
9
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of structure (Greek word for cut up)
10
Q
Anterior or ventral
A
Front
11
Q
Aorta artery
A
carries blood away from the heart, the aorta is the biggest and strongest artery
12
Q
Aortic valve
A
is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, it closes when the left ventricle is finished contracting, allowing blood to flow into the aorta and preventing blood from flowing back into the left ventricle
13
Q
Apnea
A
sleep apnea is a condition in which an individual stops breathing whole asleep, causing a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
14
Q
Arteries
A
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
15
Q
Arterioles
A
The smallest branch of arteries
16
Q
Axon
A
nerve cells, carry messages to and from cell, once destroyed they are hard to repair
17
Q
Basophils
A
part of immune system that helps protect body from infection
18
Q
Biceps brachii
A
just the biceps of the arm, lie on the upper arm
19
Q
Biology
A
The study of life and living organisms
20
Q
Bradycardia
A
a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
21
Q
Buccal cavity
A
or mouth, for the teeth and tongue
22
Q
Capillaries
A
smallest of the blood vessels one cell thick, where diffusion and absorption take place
23
Q
Cardiac muscle
A
involuntary, myocardiac, found in the heart, forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood
24
Q
Cardiac sphincter
A
muscle fibers about the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.
25
Cataract
where the normally transparent lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque
26
Cellular respiration
when cells use oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide
27
Centrosome
located near the center of the cell, their major role is during mitosis, they form spindles during cell division
28
Cerebellum
semicircular canals- contain liquid and hair-like projections, these cells bend and move when sound hits them, helps us maintain balance
29
Cerebrum
largest of the brain parts, responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, judgement, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movements
30
Cervix of uterous
the narrow bottom section which attaches to the vagina
31
Chromatin
made out of DNA and protein, they form chromosomes, a human cell has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs, somewhere between 30000 and 45000 genes in a single cell
32
Cilia
made out of DNA and protein, they form chromosomes, a human cell has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs, somewhere between 30000 and 45000 genes in a single cell
33
Ciliary body
structure in the eye that releases a transparent liquid (called the aqueous humor) within the eye.
34
Circulatory system
consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports oxygen and nutrients to all body cells, transports carbon dioxide and other metabolic materials away from the body cells, gets rid of waste products
35
Circumduction
imaginary circle, uses abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension
36
Cirrhosis
chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue
37
Clothing proteins
thrombocytes, little pieces of cells, not a complete cell
38
Cochlea
looks like a snail shell, where hearing transplants and implants are made, carries impulses to the temporal lobe in cerebellum
39
Color of blood
erythrocytes- red blood cells, the color is based on the amount of oxygen in the blood
40
Conjuctiva
pink eye, is a contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva and is usually caused by bacterium or virus
41
Connective tissue
supporting fabric of organs and other body parts, 2 different kinds soft and hard
42
Contracture
a severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint
43
Cornea
circular, transparent part of the front of the sclera, allows light rats to enter the eye
44
Coronal plane
There is a front and a back
45
Coronary artery
Supplies blood to the heart
46
Cranial cavity
made out of total bone, no muscle, protects the brain
47
Deltoid
the shoulder, abducts arm, injection site
48
Dendrite
carry impulses toward the cell body
49
Diaphysis
shaft or middle part of the long bone
50
Diastolic pressure
is the constant pressure in the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is at rest or between contractions
51
Diencephalon
where the thalamus and the hypothalamus, sends messages to the cerebrum, mainly there for temperature and pain control
52
Digestive system
digests food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste
53
Distal
away from origin, have to have something to relate it to, like the stomach is distal from the brain
54
Dorsal
Back side
55
Dorsal cavity
long, continuous cavity on the back of the body
56
Dura mater
tough mother", toughest covering for the brain
57
Dyspnea
when elderly have difficult breathing
58
Efferent nerves
"motor nerves", comes from the brain and tells you to take action
59
Elasticity
a quality in the muscles to be able to rebound back
60
Embolus
foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream,it can be air, blood clot, bacterial clumps, a fat globule, or other similar substances
61
Endocrine system
allows the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body
62
Endoplasmic reticulum
network that runs from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, aids in synthesis of proteins, 2 types: rough( has ribosmomes which synthesize proteins) smooth- (no ribosomes, help produce cholesterol or the fat or steroid like cells)
63
Endosteum
lines the medullary cavity, like ceran wrap, shiny
64
Epididymis
tightly coiled tube approximately 20 feet in length and located in the scrotum and above the testes
65
Epilepsy
or seizure syndrome, is a brain disorder associated with abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain
66
Epiphysis
Ends of Long bones
67
Epithelial tissue
responsible for covering the brain and the spinal cord
68
Erythrocytes
red blood cells, squishy ,not a complete cell, has hemoglobin(does the work of the red blood cells, carries oxygen, 4 molecules per each cell, it is also responsible for the color of the blood, move very slow and sluggish
69
Excitability/irritability
responds to stimulus, allows muscles to respond to changes in the environment
70
Extensibility
Stretch beyond normal length
71
Extension
Opening up the joint, extending the angle
72
External respirations
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream
73
Fascia
tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissue (how some muscles attach to other things
74
Femoral artery
Largest artery in the leg
75
Flexion
Decreasing the angle of the joint
76
Floating ribs
ribs 11 and 12, don't connect to the sternum at all
77
Frontanels
soft spots in little kids, allows the brain to grow, gives flexibility during birthing, aren't fused together till about age 25
78
Frontal plane
or coronal plane- means we get a front and a back to it
79
Function of bile
usually associated with liver problems, breaks down things in the tummy, digestive juice
80
Function of thrombocytes
blood clotting, little pieces of cells, not a complete cell
81
Funds of the uterus
the top section, where the fallopian tubes attach
82
Gastrocnemius
The largest, most prominent muscle of the calf of the leg, the action of which extends the foot and bends the knee
83
Gluteus maximus
biggest of the 3 butt muscles, in the butt, extends and rotates thigh, injection sight
84
Golgi apparatus
a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm, they gift wrap all the secretions made by the cells
85
Hard plate
Roof of the mount
86
Hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body and is caused by a tumor, injury, or CVA
87
Hemaglobin
a complex protein composed of the protein molecule called 'globin' and the iron compound called 'heme'
88
Inferior
saying something is inferior to something else, your feet are inferior to your brain, under something
89
Insertion
sight of the muscle that doesn't move, it contracts to the organ, like the anchor on a boat
90
Integumentary system
name for the skin and its structures, skin, hair, sweat glands and oil glands, protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration, helps regulate body temp, eliminates waste, and produces vitamin D
91
Internal respirations
the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the bloodstream
92
Involuntary muscle
they function without conscious thought or control
93
Iris
colored portion of your eye, controls pupil
94
Joints
where 2 or more bones join, weakest part of the skeleton
95
Latissimus Dorsi
spine around to chest, extends and adducts upper arm
96
Left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
97
Left ventricle
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood into the aorta for transport to the body cells
98
Lens
crystalline structure suspended behind the pupil of the eye; refract or bends light rays onto the retina
99
Leukocytes
White blood cells
100
Ligament
fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
101
Linings of the uterus
endometrium
102
Lymphatic system
carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection
103
Lymphocytes
a form of small leukocytes with single round nucleus
104
Lysosomes
those structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells, bacteria, and foreign midline
105
Medulla oblogata
the lower part of the brain stem; controls vital processes such as respiration and heart beat
106
Medulla cavity
central cavity of bone shaft she red and or yellow marrow is stored/long leg bone
107
Meninges
membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
108
Midbrain
the portion of the brain that connect the pons and cerebellum, relay center for impulses
109
Midsagittal plate
an imaginary line drawn down the midline of the body to divide the body into a right side and a left side
110
Mitochondria
those structures in a cell that provide energy and are involved in the metabolism of the cell
111
Mitral valve
flap or cusp between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart
112
Muscle tone
state of partial muscle contraction providing a state of readiness to act
113
Myelin
a mix of proteins and phospholipids forming a shield around nerve fibers
114
Neurilemma
Thin shield around a nerve axon
115
Neuron
Nerve cell
116
Neutrophilis
readily stained only by neutral dyes
117
Nucleolus
the spherical body in the nucleus of a cell that is important in reproduction of the cell
118
Olfactory receptors
Pertaining the sense of smell
119
Orbital cavity
For the eyes
120
Order of the large intestine
cecum (vermiform appendix), colon (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) rectum (anal canal
121
Organ of corti
structure in the cochlea of the ear; organ of hearing
122
Organelle
structures in the cytoplasm of a cell, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus
123
Origin
end of area of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts
124
Ovaries
endocrine gland or gonad that produces hormones and the female sex cell or ovum
125
Pancreas
gland that is dorsal to the stomach, secretes during an examination
126
Paraplegia
paralysis of the lower half of the body
127
Parasympathetic
A division of the nervous system
128
Pathophysiology
study of how disease occurs and he responses of living organisms to disease processes
129
Pectoralis major
thick fan-shaped muscle, at the chest (anterior), flexes and extends humerus
130
Pelvic cavity
lower abdominal cavity, contains bladder, reproductive organs, last part of large intestine
131
Perineum
region between the vagina and anus in the female and between the scrotum and anus in the male
132
Peripheral pulse sites
Carotid (neck), temporal (temples), brachial, axualliary, ulnar (pinky side of wrist) , radial (thumb side of wrist), femoral (groin), popliteal (back of knee), dorsalys pedis (top of foot), posterior tibial pulse (ankle)
133
Pharyngeal tonsils
Lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the ulva
134
Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
135
Physiology
the study of the processes or functions of living organisms
136
Pia mater
weak mother, covering right over the brain
137
Pinocytic vesicle
process by which substances are taken into the cell
138
Platelets
blood cell required for clotting of the blood
139
Pleura
a serious membrane that covers the lungs and lines of the thoracic cavity
140
Pons
that portion of the brain stem that connects the medulla oblongata and cerebellum to the upper portions of the brain
141
Posterior
Towards the back or behind
142
Proximal
closest to the point of attachment or areas or reference
143
Pulmonary valve
flap or cusp between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery
144
Pupil
opening or hole in the center of the iris of the eye; allows light to enter eye
145
Pyloric sphincter
a ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
146
Pyrexia
Fever
147
Quadriceps femoris
Muscle in the thigh that extends the leg
148
Quadriplegia
Paralysis below the neck, arms and legs
149
Rectus abdominus
Long flat muscle of the abdominal wall
150
Red marrow
soft tissue in the epiphysis of long bones
151
Respiratory system
breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
152
Retina
the sensory membrane that lines the eye and is the immediate instrument of vision
153
Right atrium
receives blood as it returns from the body cells
154
Right ventricle
receives blood from the right atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary artery
155
Risk factors of hypertension
family history, race, obesity, stress, smoking, aging, a diet high in saturated fat
156
Rotation
movement around the centra axis, a turing on its own axis
157
Rugae
a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
158
Salivary amylase
begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, or starches, into sugars that can be taken in to the body
159
Salivary gland
the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular, produce a liquid called
160
Sartorius
long, narrow muscle running obliquely across the front of each thigh (from hip bone to the inside of the leg bone)
161
Sclera
white or outer coat of the eye
162
Scrotum
double pouch containing the testes and epididymis in the male individual
163
Semicircular canal
structures of the inner ear that are involved in maintaining Blake and equilibrium
164
Seminal vesicle
one of two saclike structures behind the bladder and connectd to the vas deferens in the male individual; secretes thick, viscous fluid for semen
165
Sinuses
Cavity or space in a bone
166
Skeletal muscle
creates framework of body, protects internal organs, reduces blood cells, acts as levers for muscles
167
Spinal cavity
Contains the spinal cord
168
Sternocleidomastoid
either of the two muscles of the neck that serve to flex and rotate the head
169
Structure of Fallopian tubes
approximately five inches long, lateral ends have finger like projections, has muscle layers, cilia lines it
170
Superior
Above, on top of, higher than
171
Sympathetic system
allows the boys to respond to emergencies and stress; also, t understand and attempt to solve the problems of another
172
Synarthorsis
an immovable joint between bones connected by fibrous tissues
173
Systolic
period of work, or conception, of the hear
174
Tachycardia
Fast or rapid heartbeat
175
Tendon
fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
176
Testis
an organ That produces spermatozoa
177
Thoracic cavity
in the chest; contains esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels
178
Thoracic vertebrae
12 in the chest area
179
Thrombocytes
If a thrombus or clot forms
180
Tibialis anterior
muscle from tibia to the first metatarsal and cuneiform bones
181
Transverse plane
imaginary line drawn through the body to separate the body into a top and bottom half
182
Trapezius
either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders and moving the head and shoulder blade
183
Triceps brachii
the skeletal muscle having three origins that extend the forearm wheat contracts
184
Tricuspid valve
flap or cusp between the right atrium and right ventricle in he heart
185
True ribs
Seven pairs, attach to the sternum
186
Urinary system
filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, produces and eliminates urine
187
Varicose veins
Swollen veins
188
Vs deferens
also called ductus deferens, the tube that carries sperm and semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the male body
189
Vein
blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
190
Ventral
pertaining to the front, or anterior part of the body, in front of
191
Ventral cavity
larger than dorsal cavity, separated in two parts by the diaphragm: thoracic and abdominal
192
Ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart, also a cavity in the brain
193
Venules
the smallest type of vein, connects capillaries and veins
194
Vestibules-
small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
195
Villi
tiny projections from a surface; in the small intestine, projections that aid in the absorption of nutrients
196
Voluntary muscle
Under ones control
197
Ways to take temperature
rectal, oral, axillary (armpit), temporal (forearm), tympanic (ear)
198
Yellow marrow
soft tissue in the diaphysis of leg bones
