Unit 4: Functional Groups/IUPAC Naming

Question 1

Functional groups are ____________ within a molecule that have characteristic sets of _________

Answer 1

an atom or groups of atoms
properties

Question 2

Alcohol (-OH) is an oxygen atom bound to _________ on one side and _________ on the other side

Answer 2

hydrogen, carbon atom

Question 3

“R” =

Answer 3

rest of molecule

Question 4

R — OH

Answer 4

Alcohol (-OH)

Question 5

Oxygen atom bound to hydrogen on one side and carbon atom on the other side

Answer 5

Alcohol (-OH)

Question 6

OH

Answer 6

hydroxyl group

Question 7

hydroxyl group

Answer 7

OH

Question 8

Alcohols are classified as primary (1º), secondary (2º) or tertiary (3º), depending on…

Answer 8

the number of atoms that are bound to the carbon that bears the hydroxyl (-OH) group

Question 9

Amine is a _________ atom (amino group) bound to ___________

Answer 9

nitrogen, 1+ carbon atoms

Question 10

Amines are classified as primary (1º), secondary (2º) or tertiary (3º), depending on…

Answer 10

the number of atoms that are bound to the nitrogen atom

Question 11

Aldehyde is a carbon atom with a double bond to ________ (carbonyl), a single bond to _________, and a single bond to __________

Answer 11

oxygen
hydrogen
another carbon
(-CHO)

Question 12

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), a single bond to hydrogen, and a single bond to another carbon

Answer 12

Aldehyde (-CHO)

Question 13

C == O

Answer 13

carbonyl group

Question 14

carbonyl group

Answer 14

C == O

Question 15

Ketone is a carbon atom with a double bond to _______ (carbonyl) and two single bonds to two other _________

Answer 15

oxygen, carbons

Question 16

Ketones are similar to aldehydes, but with ________ on both sides of the carbonyl group

Answer 16

carbons

Question 17

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl) and two single bonds to two other carbons

Answer 17

Ketone

Question 18

Carboxylic acid is a carbon atom with a __________, a single bond to a ___________, and a single bond to ____________

Answer 18

carbon double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), hydroxyl group (-OH), another carbon

Question 19

O == C – OH

Answer 19

carboxyl group

Question 20

carboxyl group

Answer 20

O == C – OH

Question 21

Carbon atom with a double bond to oxygen (carbonyl), a single bond to a hydroxyl group (-OH), and a single bond to another carbon

Answer 21

Carboxylic acid

Question 22

Ester is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but…

Answer 22

with a carbon-containing group bound to the other side of
oxygen instead of a hydrogenà (-OR) instead of (-OH)

Question 23

Ester is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with a _______ bound to the other side of oxygen instead of a __________

Answer 23

carbon-containing group, hydrogen

Question 24

derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with a carbon-containing group bound to the other side of oxygen instead of a hydrogenà (-OR) instead of (-OH)

Answer 24

Ester

Question 25

ROR

Answer 25

Ether

Question 26

Ether is __________ bound between two _________ atoms, where neither ________ is part of a __________

Answer 26

oxygen carbon carbon carbonyl (C == O)

Question 27

Oxygen bound between two carbon atoms, where neither carbon is part of a carbonyl

Answer 27

Ether

Question 28

Amide is a derivative of a carboxylic acid, but with an ________ instead of a _________

Answer 28

amine, hydroxyl (-OH)

Question 29

Hydrocarbons are molecules (aka compounds) made of only _________ and __________

Answer 29

carbon, hydrogen

Question 30

Saturated hydrocarbons have only...

Answer 30

single bonds (no double and/or triple)

Question 31

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have...

Answer 31

double and/or triple bonds

Question 32

Alkanes have only...

Answer 32

carbon-carbon single bonds

Question 33

Alkenes have one or more...

Answer 33

carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 34

Alkynes have one or more...

Answer 34

carbon-carbon triple bonds

Question 35

Alkanes are __________ composed of only __________

Answer 35

hydrocarbons, single bonds

Question 36

Alkanes are named and identified by the ___________ they contain

Answer 36

number of carbons

Question 37

meth =

Answer 37

1 carbon

Question 38

eth =

Answer 38

2 carbons

Question 39

pro =

Answer 39

3 carbons

Question 40

but =

Answer 40

4 carbons

Question 41

pent =

Answer 41

5 carbons

Question 42

hex =

Answer 42

6 carbons

Question 43

hept =

Answer 43

7 carbons

Question 44

oct =

Answer 44

8 carbons

Question 45

non =

Answer 45

9 carbons

Question 46

dec =

Answer 46

10 carbons

Question 47

M E P B --->

Answer 47

must eat peanut butter

Question 48

Linear (unbranched) alkanes have prefix indicating the _________ on the chain and suffix _________

Answer 48

the number of carbon atoms, "-ane"

Question 49

CH3 group =

Answer 49

methyl

Question 50

When naming alkanes: if there is only one substituent, number the parent chain that gives the substituent the _________

Answer 50

lowest number

Question 51

the number of times a ___________ is indicated by di, tri, tetra, etc

Answer 51

substituent occurs

Question 52

When naming alkanes: if there are two or more IDENTICAL substituents, number the parent chain from the end that...

Answer 52

gives the lowest number to the substituent that is encountered first

Question 53

When naming alkanes: If there are two or more DIFFERENT substituents, list the substituents in _______ and number the parent chain from the end that...

Answer 53

alphabetical order encounters the substituent closer to the beginning of the alphabet FIRST

Question 54

When naming alkanes: If there are 2 different substituents in equivalent positions on opposite positions give the substituent # in _________

Answer 54

alphabetical order

Question 55

When naming alkanes: If there are 2 or more parent chains of EQUAL LENGTH, choose the parent chain with...

Answer 55

the greater number of substituents

Question 56

-an-

Answer 56

all single bonds

Question 57

-en-

Answer 57

one or more double bonds

Question 58

-yn-

Answer 58

one or more triple bonds

Question 59

-e

Answer 59

hydrocarbon

Question 60

-ol

Answer 60

alcohol

Question 61

-al

Answer 61

aldehyde

Question 62

-amine

Answer 62

amine

Question 63

-one

Answer 63

ketone

Question 64

-oic acid

Answer 64

carboxylic acid