Unit 4: Genetics

Question 1

Ancestor

Answer 1

a person from whom one is descended from

Question 2

Descendant

Answer 2

a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor

Question 3

Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform)

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome

Question 6

Diverse Offspring

Answer 6

different combinations of alleles from each parent

Question 7

Uniform Offspring

Answer 7

offspring are identical to the parent

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait

Question 10

Heredity

Answer 10

the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

Question 11

Genetics

Answer 11

the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

Question 12

Sexual reproduction

Answer 12

genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)

Question 13

Traits

Answer 13

behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)

Question 16

Dominant Trait

Answer 16

inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

Question 17

Recessive Trait

Answer 17

a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Question 20

Punnet Square

Answer 20

used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring