Unit 4 Hormones

Question 1

androgen

Answer 1

produces secondary sex characteristics

Question 2

polypeptide hormones

Answer 2

water soluble. secreted by exocytosis into bloodstream. binds to cell surface receptors

Question 3

amine hormones

Answer 3

water soluble

Question 4

steroid hormones

Answer 4

lipid soluble. diffuses across plasma membrane, binds to receptors in nucleus. in gene expression

Question 5

adrenal cortex

Answer 5

glueocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

coordinates endocrine signaling

Question 7

posterior pituitary

Answer 7

produces hormones, like oxytocin

Question 8

anterior pituitary

Answer 8

metabolism, osmoregulation, reproduction

Question 9

thyroid

Answer 9

growth hormone

Question 10

parathyroid

Answer 10

Ca2+ regulation, PTH, calcitonin

Question 11

adrenal medulla

Answer 11

secrete (nor)epinephrine, glucose breakdown, more oxygen to body cells

Question 12

acetylcholine

Answer 12

neurotransmitter: muscle stimulation, memory formation, learning

Question 13

PAMP triggered immunity

Answer 13

first plant defense. specific pathogens registered, chain of signaling events so antimicrobial chemicals are produced

Question 14

effector triggered immunity

Answer 14

some pathogens can send effectors that suppress PAMP, so R (resistance) genes are activated that trigger a signal transduction pathway

Question 15

cytokinin

Answer 15

stimulates cell differentiation

Question 16

ethylene

Answer 16

ripens fruit, triggers apoptosis

Question 17

auxin

Answer 17

promotes coleptile elongation so plant bends to light

Question 18

phytochromes

Answer 18

absorb red light, used in deetiolation, used in circadian rhythms and seasonal changes

Question 19

cdk and cyclins

Answer 19

promotes cell cycle; cyclin used up, CDK stays

Question 20

ion channel receptors

Answer 20

gate that opens/closes when receptor changes shape, allows ions (Na, Ca) in

Question 21

receptor tyrosine kinases

Answer 21

transfer phosphate from ATP to protein, can trigger multiple pathways at once

Question 22

GPCR

Answer 22

G-protein coupled receptors. water soluble ligands bind to receptor to get signal from EC to inside cell

Question 23

paracrine

Answer 23

locally secreted messenger molecules (ex. growth factors)

Question 24

synaptic signaling

Answer 24

NT released from electric signal in nervous system

Question 25

local signaling

Answer 25

direct contact, uses cell junctions, sell surface molecules

Question 26

long distance signaling

Answer 26

endocrine cell releases hormone, goes through bloodstream to target cell

Question 27

endocrine signaling via

Answer 27

goes through bloodstream

Question 28

paracrine signaling via

Answer 28

surface cell receptors, nearby

Question 29

autocrine signaling via

Answer 29

cell to itself

Question 30

synaptic signaling via

Answer 30

signal from neuron to cll

Question 31

neuroendocrine signaling via

Answer 31

neuron through blood vessel to response