Unit 4 Media Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
Public opinion
A
-(not individual)
-(attitudes or opinions)
- on political events, policy issues and elected officials
2
Q
Values
A
-principle
- shape opinion
-Basic principles that shape a persons opinion on political beliefs
3
Q
Political Ideology
A
- set of beliefs
- philosophy on government
- a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the role of the government
4
Q
Magic number for sample sizes
A
1,000 !
5
Q
Political socialization
A
-induction into politics
-learning about political system
-the induction on individuals into the political culture
-learning underlying beliefs and values on which the political system is based
6
Q
Agents of Socialization
A
-school, parents
-kids tend to absorb political views of parents
-social institutions that help shape political beliefs and values
7
Q
Margin of Error (What is it?)
A
-error when sample is too small
-Sampling error that arises based on the small size of the sample
8
Q
Margin of Error (How it works)
A
- we can expect 3.1% of uncertainty with a 1,000 person poll
- it shows that there’s a percent chance that one person will pull better than the other
9
Q
Skimming and Scanning
A
- shorter articles and flashier headlines in the trend
-most Americans read news online
-Americans today are more likely to read the news by skimming and scanning multiple headlines than reading long articles
10
Q
Sample
A
-small group to represent entire population
-a small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characteristics of an entire population
11
Q
Bandwagon effect
A
- polling results convince people to support a candidate identified as the victor
- likely in a presidential election
- a candidate who has momentum, also finds it considerably easier to raise campaign funds
12
Q
Public opinion polls (what it is)
A
- scientific instruments for measuring public opinion
- a sample
13
Q
Types of public opinion polls
A
- simple random sample (probability): used in business and marketing, every individual in the population has an equal probability in being a respondent
- random digit dialing: respondents are selected from a random list of 10 digit numbers to avoid bias
14
Q
Fundamental values of Americans
A
- liberty, justice, and equality of opportunity
15
Q
Fundamental values of Americans (Liberty)
A
- freedom from government control
16
Q
Fundamental values of Americans (Justice)
A
- fairness of how rewards and punishments are delivered by governments and courts
17
Q
Fundamental values of Americans (Equality of opportunity)
A
- shared American ideal that all people should have freedom to use the talents and wealth they have to reach their full potential
18
Q
America’s level of political knowledge
A
- poor political knowledge
- poses threats to democracy
- the average American has little formal knowledge of policy debates or of political institutions, processes, or leaders.
19
Q
Misinformation
A
- false, inaccurate, or misleading information in the media, especially social media
- manipulated or fabricated content, or satire
- 4/10 Americans report coming across fake news
20
Q
What groups of Americans are most likely to express political opinions?
A
- higher income constituents
- citizens who are more affluent and educated
- vote at higher rates, more likely to contribute money to political campaigns
21
Q
Conservative views
A
- support social and economic status quo
- don’t like new formulas and economic arrangements
- large and powerful government is threat to individual freedom
22
Q
Liberals Views
A
- support social and political reform
- support government intervention in the economy
- more economic equality
- expansion of federal social services
- have more concern for the consumers and the environment
23
Q
Why do political leaders communicate through social media?
A
- to promote their policy agenda
- to promote agenda
- more inexpensive way to promote
24
Q
Liberals on domestic issues
A
- (progressive taxes, fair economic system, more federal programs and gay/abortion rights)
- supporting gov’t agencies to support a fairer economic system and upward mobility, and a progressive tax system
- expanding federal safety net (childcare and healthcare programs
- concerned with protecting reproductive rights for women, and lgbtq rights
25
Conservatives on domestic issues
- large government is a threat to individual freedom, small businesses, free markets, democracy
- supporting cutting taxes and reducing spending
- support traditional family arrangements, against abortion and same-sex marriage
26
Liberals on foreign issues
-Oppose U.S. military intervention in other countries, unless to protect ally
-support internal organizations (UN, NATO)
27
Conservative on foreign affairs
Traditional
- support a strong military
- protect international free trade
Socialist/populist
- isolationist approach
28
Most American identity
Mostly as moderate (37%)
Same as conservative (36%)
29
Relationship between public opinion and government policy
- shifts in public opinion lead to changes in policy
- changes in policy lead to shifts in public opinion
- sometimes public opinion and policy don’t align
- officials policy don’t align with public opinion because they favor other groups better
30
What happens when Americans lack political knowledge?
- cannot defend political interests, rights and freedoms
- politically ignorant people are more influenced by political elites, media, and special interests
- can contribute to political and economic inequality
31
The media
- print and digital forms of communication, including television, newspapers, radio, the internet and social media, intending to convey information to large audiences
32
Key roles of the media
- inform public about current political issues and events
- provide a forum for candidates, politicians, and the public to debate policies and issues (act as watchdogs)
33
Soft news
-(US media) Entertainment, sports, and celebrity news
34
Hard news
Coverage of politics and government
35
Adversarial journalism
Journalist have a stance of opposition towards the government or public officials (what make democratic governments work)
36
Framing
Presenting information from a certain perspective in order to shape audiences comprehension of that information.
(Example- during battle with ukraine, liberal framed him as strong president, and conservative framed him as weak)
37
Priming
Calling attention to some issues and not others, when evaluating a public official
-the media can alter how voters make choices
38
News aggregators
- organize content from diverse digital news organizations
- stories that are at the top of news aggregators are the most read or watched
- Google news, and Reddit are examples
- a way to avoid partisan
- effect in learning about the world from international perspectives and way to increase political awareness
39
Filter bubbles
- partisan media environments in which users are exposed to opinions and information that conforms to existing beliefs
40
FCC
Prevents obscenity, indecency, and profanity
41
Equal time rule
Broadcasters must provide candidates for political office with equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public
42
Right of rebuttal
Individuals have the right to respond to attacks made on radio or television broadcast
43
Conformation bias
The tendency to favor information that confirms beliefs and discontinuing information that contradicts their beliefs
44
Algorithms
