Unit 4- Motivation Flashcards
(42 cards)
motivations
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct theory
Actions, thoughts, emotions, and intentions are innate and serve as a survival mechanism
Always triggered by external forces
drive-reduction theory
Organism feels tension created by imbalances created by physiological needs.
“Pushes” an organism to restore the balance, typically reducing the drive and restoring homeostasis
arousal theory
levels of alertness and responsiveness.
People are motivated to maintain an optimum level of arousal- neither too high nor too low.
curiosity motive
helps us understand our environment.
ex) Portenga and tool box+outlets
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
humanistic theory. People are motivated to reach their unique potential (self-actualization)
human beings have three basic needs:
competence
autonomy
relatedness
self-determination theory
(3)
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior because it is inherently meaningful or satisfying.
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior because of promised rewards or threats of punishment
Undermines our sense of competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
physiological needs
a basic bodily requirement
homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
internal state
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
incentives
positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us.
Yerkes-Dodson law
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
affiliation need
the need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group
ostracism
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
feeling insecurely attached to others during childhood can persist into adulthood in two main forms:
anxiety and avoidance
lateral hypothalamus
makes us start eating
ventromedial hypothalamus
makus us stop eating
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.
when its level is low, we feel hunger.
set point
the point at which the “weight thermostat” may be set. when the body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.
basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rate of energy output
sensory-specific satiety
reduced desire to continue consuming a specific food
