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Understanding the Self > Unit 4: Psychological Perspective of Self > Flashcards

Unit 4: Psychological Perspective of Self Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

The scientific study of how humans think, feel, and behave

A

Psychology

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2
Q

The 4 goals of psychology

A
  • Describe
  • Explain
  • Predict
  • Modify
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3
Q

A theory that deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire and use it

A

Theory of Cognitive Development

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4
Q

Who pioneered the Theory of Cognitive Development?

A

Jean Piaget

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5
Q

The 3 basic components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A
  • Schemas
  • Adaptation
  • Stages of Cognitive Development
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6
Q

The process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas; subjective

A

Assimilation

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7
Q

The process known as a part of adaptation that involves altering or changing existing schemas as a result of new experiences and information

A

Accomodation

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8
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Knowledge is through the senses
  • Object permanence
A

Sensorimotor
(0-2)

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9
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Verbal and egocentric thinking
  • Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible
A

Preoperational
(2-5)

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10
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Conservation of shape, number, liquid now possible
  • Logic and reasoning
A

Concrete Operational
(6-11)

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11
Q

Stage of Cognitive Development

  • Systematic problem solving
  • Ability to think and reflect (metacognition)
  • Scientific reasoning
  • Abstract reasoning
A

Formal Operational
(12+)

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12
Q

The ability to realize that objects still exist even when not being sensed

A

Object Permanence

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13
Q

The belief that inanimate objects are alive

A

Animistic Thinking

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14
Q

The inability to see things from another person’s perspective

A

Egocentrism

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15
Q

The ability to recognize that when some properties of an object change, other properties remain constant

A

Conservation

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16
Q

The 3 levels of mental life

A
  • Conscious Mind
  • Preconscious Mind
  • Unconscious Mind
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17
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Current thoughts and senses
  • Minimal influence in behavior
A

Conscious Mind

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18
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Thoughts we can bring into consciousness easily
A

Preconscious Level

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19
Q

Level of Mental Life

  • Instincts, wishes, desires that drive behavior
  • Focus of psychoanalytic theory
  • Repressed experiences
A

Unconscious Level

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20
Q

A situation in psychosexual stages wherein psychic energy remains invested on one stage, leaving less energy for the next

21
Q

Areas of the body sensitive to pleasant and sensual feelings

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A

Erogenous Zones

22
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Sucking, biting, swallowing, feeding
  • Mother, caregiver
  • Erogenous zone: mouth
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A

Oral Stage
(birth to 1)

23
Q

The 2 ways of fixation in oral psychosexual stage

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A
  • Oral Incorporative
  • Oral Aggressive/Sadistic
24
Q

Psychosexual Stage

  • Retention of feces and willful defecation
  • Toilet training
  • Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
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A

Anal Stage
(1-3)

25
The 2 ways of fixation in anal psychosexual stage
- Anal Expulsion - Anal Retention
26
**Psychosexual Stage** - Exploring, manipulating genitals - Personality development - Phallic personality - Erogenous zone: genitals
Phallic Stage (3-6)
27
**Psychosexual Stage** - Safest stage - Sexual urges dormant - Libido transformed to acceptable activities - Friendship with the same sex
Latency Stage (6 to puberty)
28
**Psychosexual Stage** - Genital personality - Psychological maturity
Genital Stage (puberty to death)
29
Who elaborated on the emergence of self-concept and asserted that the wide developmental changes is observed across the life stages?
Dr. Susan Harter
30
Harter's 2 important concepts of self
- Self-esteem - Self-concept
31
Harter's 4 development of self-concept
- early childhood - middle-later childhood - adolescence - emerging adults
32
The Father of American Psychology who asserted that the self lies at the center of mental life
William James
33
James's self that refers to the pure ego, the subjective self aware of its actions
I-Self A sense of: - being the agent of behavior - continuity - being unique - being aware
34
James's self that refers to the object, the self that can be described based on observation and experience
Me-Self - Material Self - Social Self - Spiritual Self
35
Who was one of the founders of humanistic approach to psychology and asserted that all behavior is motivated by self-actualizing tendencies and these drive you to reach your potential?
Carl Rogers
36
A person is an active, creative, experiencing being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity
Actualizing Tendency
37
Emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external worlds
Humanistic
38
The 2 needs in Actualizing Tendency
- need for maintenance - need for enhancement
39
The 2 subsystems of the self
- Self Concept - Ideal Self
40
Who developed a transactional analysis method for understanding behavior?
Eric Berne
41
Berne's 2 methods for understaning behaviors
- Every person has 3 parts called ego states in their personality - People communicate with one another assuming roles of any of these ego states
42
**Ego State** - Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings copied from parents and parent figures - Nurturing/Controlling
Parent Ego State
43
**Ego State** - Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are direct responses to the present - Open/Unyielding
Adult Ego State
44
**Ego State** Behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are replayed from childhood - Creative/Petulant
Child Ego State
45
Who (2) asserted that children are adjusted to their parents' feelings and needs?
- John Bowlby - Donald Winnicott
46
Bowlby & Winnicott's 2 concepts of self
- True Self - False Self
47
Bowlby & Winnicott's concept of the false self referring to one which allows someone to be functional in society and still connected to the true self
Healthy False Self
48
Bowlby & Winnicott's concept of the false self referring to one that fits in society through forced compliance rather than a desire to adapt
Unhealthy False Self

Understanding the Self (8 decks)

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