Unit 4 Relationships in Ecosystems

Question 1

Cycles of matter and flow of energy

Answer 1

Functional Diversity

Question 2

Variety and abundance of species

Answer 2

Species Diversity

Question 3

Variety of genes

Answer 3

Genetic Diversity

Question 4

Terrestrial and aquatic environments

Answer 4

Ecological diversity

Question 5

A group of communities interacting with other organisms and their abiotic environment

Answer 5

Ecosystems

Question 6

Levels of ecosystems (largest to smallest)

Answer 6

Communities, population, species, organisms

Question 7

Where an organisms lives

Answer 7

Habitats

Question 8

The role of the organisms

Answer 8

Niches

Question 9

Full, potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can use if there is no competition from other species

Answer 9

Fundamental Niche

Question 10

Part of the fundamental that is actually used

Answer 10

Realized Niche

Question 11

An organism that can reproduce

Answer 11

Species

Question 12

Around how many species are there?

Answer 12

4 mill to 100 mill

Question 13

Role species play in Ecosystem

Answer 13

Ecological Niche

Question 14

Who has broad niches?

Answer 14

Generalists

Question 15

Who occupies narrow niches?

Answer 15

Specialists

Question 16

_____ has a large effect on ecological community

Answer 16

Keystone Species

Question 17

_____ shape habitats to benefit other species

Answer 17

Foundations Species

Question 18

_____ provide early warnings of damage to ecosystem

Answer 18

Indicator Species

Question 19

Can also be called aliens, exotic, invaders

Answer 19

Non-Native

Question 20

Amount of the same species in a given area

Answer 20

Population

Question 21

What four things can happen if a population’s needs are not met?

Answer 21

Death, competition, migration, adaptation/evolution

Question 22

2 different species living closely together

Answer 22

Symbiosis

Question 23

Organism actively hunts another organism

Answer 23

Predation

Question 24

in predation, the one who hunts

Answer 24

Predator

Question 25

In predation, organism upon which predator feeds on

Answer 25

Prey

Question 26

Woodpecker and Impala, Pollination are examples of _____

Answer 26

Mutualism

Question 27

One benefits and the other is indifferent

Answer 27

Commensalism

Question 28

Epiphytes/Air Plants is an example of _____

Answer 28

Commensalism

Question 29

One benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 29

Parasitism

Question 30

One is harmed and the other is indifferent

Answer 30

Amensalism

Question 31

Neither benefits nor is harmed (rare)

Answer 31

Neutralism

Question 32

When organisms seek limited resources, prey, water, light, materials, habitat, etc

Answer 32

Competition

Question 33

_____ competition occurs within same species

Answer 33

Intraspecific

Question 34

_____ competition occurs within different species

Answer 34

Interspecific

Question 35

What do you call a genetic change within a POPULATION over time?

Answer 35

Evolution

Question 36

What MUST occur in evolution?

Answer 36

Reproduction

Question 37

Processes that prevent members of the same species to cross, mate, and/or produce offspring

Answer 37

Reproductive Isolation

Question 38

Reproductive isolation leads to ____ of genetic diversity which leads to ____ of species diversity.

Answer 38

loss, loss

Question 39

Reproductive isolation results from what four barriers?

Answer 39

Behavioral, Geographical, Genetic, Physiological

Question 40

When organisms in a population are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species

Answer 40

Geographical Isolation

Question 41

Evolution of new biological species

Answer 41

Speciation

Question 42

Peripatric and allopatric speciation result from _____

Answer 42

Geographical Isolation

Question 43

Parapatric and sympatric speciation result from _____

Answer 43

Something other than geographical isolation

Question 44

_____ shift: both extreme traits survive

Answer 44

Disruptive

Question 45

_____ shift: average trait survives

Answer 45

Stabilizing

Question 46

_____ shift: one extreme trait survives (right or left)

Answer 46

Directional

Question 47

Two species evolve after long term interaction with eachother

Answer 47

Coevolution

Question 48

Mutualism and predation are associated with _____

Answer 48

Coevolution

Question 49

Two distinct species with differing ancestries evolve to display similar physical features

Answer 49

Convergent Evolution

Question 50

Two related species evolve from one common ancestor

Answer 50

Divergent Evolution

Question 51

_____ occurs when two species evolve independently of each other maintaining similarities

Answer 51

Parallel Evolution

Question 52

Selective breeding of organisms for specific characteristics

Answer 52

Artificial Selection

Question 53

Organisms ability to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill

Answer 53

Resistance

Question 54

Gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community

Answer 54

Ecological Succession

Question 55

Succession that occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before

Answer 55

Primary Succession

Question 56

In primary succession there is initially a lifeless habitat and no ____

Answer 56

Soil

Question 57

In primary succession ____ and ____ ____ break down rock to form soil

Answer 57

Weathering, primary species

Question 58

Lichens and mosses are an example of ____ ____

Answer 58

Primary species

Question 59

Occurs on a surface where ecosystem previously existed

Answer 59

Secondary Succession

Question 60

When an organism with favorable traits wins and therefore lives and reproduces, evolution by ____ ____ occurs.

Answer 60

Natural selection