Unit 4 Reversed

Question 1

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A book of photographs taken by Jacob Riis. It showed the terrible living and working conditions in the slums and tenements of New York City in the 1880s.

Answer 1

How the other half lives

Question 2

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Large farms in the United States in the late 1800s. Most of these farms grew and sold wheat. The large-scale production was possible because of new farm machinery, cheap land, and railroads.

Answer 2

bonanza farms

Question 3

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An association for farmers that was founded in 1867. Its goal is to work for policies that would help the economic and political well-being of farm families.

Answer 3

National Grange

Question 4

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A political party that existed from 1891 to 1908. Also called the People’s Party, it supported policies that represented ordinary people, including farmers and factory workers.

Answer 4

Populist Party

Question 5

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(1860 – 1925) An American politician who was the Democratic nominee for president in 1896 and 1900, losing both times to William McKinley. He was a famous speaker and lawyer who supported populist policies, or policies that would help ordinary people.

Answer 5

William Jennings Bryan

Question 6

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(1855 – 1926) An American union leader. He helped found the Industrial Workers of the World, a worldwide union of workers. He became a leading Socialist, believing that the public and workers should own the means of production in the country.

Answer 6

Eugene Debs

Question 7

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The International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, established in 1900. Most of its members were women. The union played an important part in improving working conditions and wages in the clothing industry.

Answer 7

ILGWU

Question 8

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The process by which citizens who are not in the legislature are able to introduce a new law.

Answer 8

initiative

Question 9

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(1860 – 1935) A founder of the U.S. settlement house movement, in which wealthy people supported efforts to improve the lives and neighborhoods of poor people. She was against war and spoke against U.S. involvement in World War I. In 1931, she became the second woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Answer 9

Jane Addams

Question 10

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A U.S. federal holiday held each year on the first Monday of September to honor working people.

Answer 10

Labor Day

Question 11

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(1866 – 1936) A famous American muckraker who wrote about social problems caused by bad government practices. He traveled to the Soviet Union and became a believer in Communism.

Answer 11

Lincoln Steffens

Question 12

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Writers who report problems about public officials, businesses, and society. The reports aren’t always true but can still cause people to become angry and demand change.

Answer 12

muckrakers

Question 13

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People who supported policies designed to bring about social order and solve social problems, such as poverty, crime, and government corruption.

Answer 13

Progressives

Question 14

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In politics, a procedure to remove an official before his or her term is over. This is usually done by voting.

Answer 14

recall

Question 15

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The process of having the entire voting public decide on a policy or law.

Answer 15

referendum

Question 16

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A community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf.

Answer 16

Settlement house

Question 17

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An amendment to the U.S. Constitution approved in 1913. It changed how U.S. senators were selected. They would now be elected by the people instead of being chosen by the state legislatures.

Answer 17

Seventeenth Amendment (17)

Question 18

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People who are hired to take the place of workers who are on strike. A strike is an attempt by workers to improve working conditions or wages by refusing to work.

Answer 18

strikebreakers

Question 19

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A person who believes that there should be no government or rules placed on human behavior.

Answer 19

anarchist

Question 20

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A law passed by Congress to help enforce other laws against monopolies. It named specific behaviors of monopolies that would no longer be allowed, such as working against labor movement activities.

Answer 20

Clayton Antitrust Act

Question 21

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The central banking system of the United States. Its purpose is to watch the nation’s banks and help keep the financial system in good condition.

Answer 21

Federal Reserve

Question 22

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(1839 – 1898) A suffragist, progressive activist, and major leader in the temperance movement. Her founding of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) eventually helped convince Congress to pass the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the sale and consumption of alcohol.

Answer 22

Frances Willard

Question 23

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A citation inside the text that gives the author’s name, the date of publication, and the page number.

Answer 23

in-text citation

Question 24

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A set of lands officially owned and maintained by the U.S. government. These areas are protected from exploitation by private businesses because of their value as undisturbed natural sites.

Answer 24

National Park System

Question 25

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Policies of President Woodrow Wilson that supported changes in banking procedures, taxes on imported goods, and laws against monopolies

Answer 25

New Freedom

Question 26

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An amendment to the U.S. Constitution approved in 1913 that allowed the federal government to collect a tax on the money that people earned.

Answer 26

Sixteenth Amendment

Question 27

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The name given to President Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policies. These policies helped the middle class, worked against trusts and monopolies, and protected businesses against extreme demands of labor unions.

Answer 27

Square Deal

Question 28

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(1820 – 1906) One of the most influential leaders of the women’s rights movement in the United States. She delivered speeches, created organizations, and wrote articles demanding social and political equality for women.

Answer 28

Susan B. Anthony

Question 29

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(1858 – 1919) The 26th president of the United States, from 1901 to 1909. He is best known for leading the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War and for his support of Progressive policies.

Answer 29

Theodore Roosevelt

Question 30

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Government activities that result in breaking up trusts, which are businesses that have too much control over a product or industry.

Answer 30

trust-busting

Question 31

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(1878 – 1968) An American writer who wrote The Jungle, which was about conditions in America’s meatpacking industry and led to government rules about food processing.

Answer 31

Upton Sinclair

Question 32

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(1868 – 1963) An African American civil rights leader. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Answer 32

W.E.B. Du Bois

Question 33

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(1857 – 1930) The 27th president of the United States. He later served as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. During his presidency, he worked on breaking up trusts and improving the civil service.

Answer 33

William Howard Taft

Question 34

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(1843 – 1901) The 25th president of the United States and a Republican. He was assassinated in 1901 before completing his second term of office.

Answer 34

William McKinley

Question 35

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(1856 – 1924) The 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was best known for his policies designed to keep the economy stable and control the size and activities of business. He led the country through World War I, and attempted to shape the peace through his Fourteen Points.

Answer 35

Woodrow Wilson

Question 36

reverses

An article written in 1903 by W. E. B. DuBois, an important African American leader. It described the idea that, through education, the smartest and most talented African Americans could become leaders and help improve the lives of the black community.

Answer 36

“The Talented Tenth”

Question 37

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A Supreme Court decision in 1896 that said it was not against the U.S. Constitution to have laws separating the races in public areas.

Answer 37

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Question 38

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(1856 – 1915) An African American who was born into slavery and rose to be an important black leader in the last 25 years of his life. He was chosen to lead the Tuskegee Institute, a college for African Americans located in Alabama.

Answer 38

Booker T. Washington

Question 39

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Segregation that is not legally enforced but exists as a common practice in society.

Answer 39

De facto segregation

Question 40

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A period between 1910 and 1940 when millions of African Americans left the farms of the South to find jobs in the cities of the North.

Answer 40

Great Migration

Question 41

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(1862 – 1931) An African American writer. She reported on the murders of African Americans and was a leader in early civil rights efforts in America as well as the women’s rights movement.

Answer 41

Ida B. Wells

Question 42

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State and local laws passed between 1876 and 1965 to keep African Americans and whites separated in public areas such as schools, transportation, restrooms, and hotels. The areas for African Americans were always of poorer quality than those for whites.

Answer 42

Jim Crow Laws

Question 43

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Putting a person to death without due process of law. In the United States, the term is most often used to describe the hanging of African Americans in the South by groups of white men, who were rarely arrested.

Answer 43

Lynchings

Question 44

reverses

(1887 – 1940) An important African American leader. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. He also started the Black Star Line, a shipping company.

Answer 44

Marcus Garvey