Unit #4 Rights & Justice

Question 1

Actors

Answer 1

Individuals

Question 2

Individual Right

Answer 2

Rights held by a person independently

Question 3

Group or Collective Rights

Answer 3

Rights held by groups of people

Question 4

Civil Rights

Answer 4

Legal protections for individuals against discrimination and unfair treatment.

Question 5

Moral

Answer 5

Principles or beliefs about what is right or wrong behavior.

Question 6

Norms

Answer 6

Accepted social rules or behaviors expected in a group or society.

Question 7

Stakeholder

Answer 7

A person or group with an interest or concern in a particular issue or decision.

Question 8

Retributive Justice

Answer 8

Justice focused on punishment for wrongdoing.

Question 9

Restorative Justice

Answer 9

Justice that aims to repair harm by reconciling victims and offenders.

Question 10

Legal Justice

Answer 10

Fairness in the application of laws and legal processes.

Question 11

Cosmopolitan Justice

Answer 11

A view that justice should apply universally across all human beings

Question 12

Post-Westphalian

Answer 12

Referring to the world order beyond the dominance of nation-states

Question 13

Ecological Justice

Answer 13

Justice concerned with the fair treatment of the environment and all living beings.

Question 14

Positive Liberty (Isaiah Berlin)

Answer 14

The freedom to achieve personal potential through access to opportunities and support.

Question 15

Negative Liberty (Isaiah Berlin)

Answer 15

Freedom from external interference or constraints by others.

Question 16

Equality of Opportunity

Answer 16

The idea that everyone should have the same chance to succeed regardless of background.

Question 17

Equality of Outcome

Answer 17

Ensuring everyone has the same result or standard of living

Question 18

Subject vs. Citizen

Answer 18

A subject owes loyalty to a ruler without guaranteed rights

Question 19

Capital Punishment

Answer 19

The legal execution of a person as punishment for a crime.

Question 20

Rehabilitation

Answer 20

Efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders back into society.

Question 21

Appeal

Answer 21

A request for a higher court to review and change a legal decision.

Question 22

Jurisdiction

Answer 22

The legal authority of a court or government to make decisions and enforce laws.

Question 23

Principle of Complementarity

Answer 23

The idea that international courts only act when national legal systems are unable or unwilling to prosecute crimes.

Question 24

Provisional Measures

Answer 24

Temporary legal actions taken to protect rights before a final court decision is made.

Question 25

Judicial Overreach

Answer 25

When courts exceed their authority by interfering excessively in executive or legislative matters.

Question 26

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)

Answer 26

Non-governmental groups that work to address social

Question 27

Advocacy

Answer 27

Public support or recommendation for a particular cause or policy.

Question 28

Stateless

Answer 28

Describing individuals who are not recognized as citizens by any country.

Question 29

Roma People

Answer 29

An ethnic minority group traditionally living in Europe

Question 30

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Answer 30

Business practices that promote social and environmental well-being alongside profit-making.

Question 31

Trade Unions

Answer 31

Organizations of workers formed to protect and advance their rights and interests.

Question 32

Customary International Law

Answer 32

Legal norms that develop over time from consistent international practices

Question 33

Private International Law

Answer 33

Rules governing legal disputes between private parties across different countries.

Question 34

Depositary

Answer 34

The official entity responsible for managing treaties

Question 35

Ratification

Answer 35

The formal approval of a treaty or agreement by a country

Question 36

Hierarchies of Rights

Answer 36

The ranking or prioritization of certain rights over others.

Question 37

International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

Answer 37

Legal rules that protect individuals during armed conflicts and restrict means of warfare.

Question 38

Universal Jurisdiction

Answer 38

The principle that certain crimes

Question 39

Communitarianism

Answer 39

A philosophy emphasizing the importance of community values over individual rights.

Question 40

Universalism

Answer 40

The belief that certain values or rights apply to all people universally.

Question 41

Cultural Relativism

Answer 41

The view that beliefs and practices should be understood within their cultural context rather than judged against universal standards.

Question 42

Exceptionalism

Answer 42

The belief that a particular country or group is unique or superior to others

Question 43

Politicization

Answer 43

The act of making an issue political or influenced by political considerations.

Question 44

Pluralism

Answer 44

A system where multiple groups

Question 45

Minority Rights

Answer 45

Legal protections for groups that differ from the majority in culture

Question 46

Rights of Nature

Answer 46

Legal recognition of nature as having inherent rights to exist

Question 47

Sharia Law

Answer 47

A legal system based on Islamic principles and teachings.