Unit 4:Scientific, Philosophical and Political Developments Flashcards
Historians attribute the “population explosion” of the eighteenth century primarily to
a more abundant food supply
Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations advocated a system of
free trade
The enclosure movement in eighteenth-century England did which of the following?
Encouraged the development of market-oriented agricultural production.
Which of the following statements is true regarding western European family life in the period 1750-1850?
There was an increased importance placed on child-rearing among the upper classes.
Galileo was found guilty of heresy and condemned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he
publicly advocated Copernicus’ heliocentric system
Hobbes and Rousseau would have agreed that
the state is based on a social contract
Just as the reign of Louis XIV of France is often cited as an example of absolutism, the reign of Joseph II of Austria is often cited as an example of
enlightened monarchy
The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was
Johannes Kepler
The eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophes were primarily concerned with
critical and inquiring approaches to knowledge
Which of the following pairs of European rulers is generally identified as “enlightened” monarchs?
Joseph II and Catherine the Great
The Hapsburg Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) issued his Pragmatic Sanction in order to
guarantee the succession of his eldest daughter to the throne
Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to scientific development in the seventeenth century by
articulating theories of the scientific method
Vesalius and other sixteenth-century physicians, who made important contributions to medical knowledge, had which of the following in common?
A willingness to challenge Greco-Roman medical authority
Which of the following is most characteristic of Voltaire’s ideas?
Empiricism and religious toleration are to be celebrated.
Which of the following is true regarding the salons of the eighteenth century?
They discussed social questions as well as literary works.
