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Modern World History > Unit 4 study guide > Flashcards

Unit 4 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Was a English philosopher and statesman who served as the Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England

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2
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Was Swedish Botanist who considered the “Father of Taxonomy”

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3
Q

Denis Diderot

A

Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.

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4
Q

Parliament

A

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

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5
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

Is the period during the 16th and 17th centuries during which there was drastic change in scientific thought.

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6
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system.

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7
Q

polymath

A

a person of wide-ranging knowledge or learning

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8
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

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9
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)

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10
Q

Planetary Motion

A

Described the orbits of planets around the sun

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11
Q

Scientific Method

A

Method of procedure that includes observation, measurement, experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

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12
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe

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13
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Founder of modern chemistry

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14
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Founder of modern chemistry

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15
Q

Chemistry

A

Branch of science that deals with identification of the substance of which matter is composed

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16
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Was a British physicist who discovered elasticity

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17
Q

William Harvey

A

Was a English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology

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18
Q

Antoine Lavoisier

A

Was a English physician who made influential contributions in anatomy and physiology. Father of modern chemistry

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19
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Was Dutch scientist and tradesman who made some incredible discoveries in biology. Invented the microscope

20
Q

Joseph Priestly

A

Was English chemist, philosopher, theologian, and writer who best known for discovery of oxygen

21
Q

Age of Enlightenment

A

the time period in the 1700s during which many Europeans began to break away from tradition and rethink political and social norms

22
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

believed government should have separation of powers

23
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy

24
Q

Voltaire

A

French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance.

25
Q

Declarition of rights of women

A

1791 stating that women also have natural rights just like man

26
Q

John Locke

A

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

27
Q

Natural Rights

A

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

28
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.

29
Q

Puritans

A

People who wanted to purify and reform English Church

30
Q

English Civil War

A

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I

31
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

32
Q

Restoration

A

the action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.

33
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

34
Q

Elasticity

A

Which explained how things expand when they are heated

35
Q

Separation of powers

A

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

36
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women’s equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 “Vindication of the Rights of Women.”

37
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

believed that punishment should fit the crime, in speedy and public trials, and that capital punishment should be done away with completely

38
Q

Olympe de Gouges

A

French journalist who published the declaration of rights of women and the female citizens

39
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

40
Q

James VI and I

A

The son of Mary Stuart. She was forced to surrender the throne to him. He became Elizabeth’s successor as the king of England.

41
Q

Divine Right

A

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

42
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

theory was view persona’s moral and political obligations upon contract or agreement among them to form society which they live

43
Q

Petition of Rights of 1628

A

which attempted to limit the powers of King

44
Q

Commonwealth

A

A self-governing territory associated with another country

45
Q

William and Mary of Orange

A

Dutch royalty who were “invited” by the English to take over England during what was called “The Glorious Revolution”

46
Q

English Bill of Rights

A

document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament

Modern World History (1 decks)

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