Unit 4 study guide Flashcards
(22 cards)
Which has more hydrogen bonds and how could you tell? AT or CG pairS?
At pairs have more hydrogen bonds because they will have a lower melting temperature, indicating that the solution with AT rich pairs has more hydrogen bonds that need to be broke and vice versa with the GC pairs.
What enzymes are used in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase, ligase, helices, topoisomerase,
What enzymes are used in the synthesis of the lagging strand?
DNA polymerase, ligase, and primase
What is an Okazaki fragment?
Short pieces of DNA made on the lagging strand, DNA Ligase joins them together.
What kind of double helical structures are formed by RNA?
Stem and Loop structures.
What is reverse transcriptase?
Process of making a DNA copy from an RNA strand
What is the role of a codon?
it codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthase.
where is the anticodon and codon found?
The codon is found on mRNA and anticodon on tRNA. They form a double helix on the ribosome active site.
Role of exons in eukaryotes
Exons code for protein sequences or structures. After introns are cut out, exons are spliced together to make a coding sequence.
Where do exons take place?
Level of mRNA
what is the function of tRNA synthetase?
To link amino acids onto tRNA, they interpret the code at the molecular level matching the RNA with a specific anticodon with the correct amino acids according to the genetic code.
tRNA synthetase are the…
true translators of the code.
Which property of DNA is compared by gel electrophoresis in forensic DNA applications?
The length of DNA fragments separated by size.
The genetic identity of a cloned animal is determined by
The donor cells nucleus.
The functioning of enhancers is an example of
transcriptional control of gene expression
How can a single RNA transcript lead to the translation of different proteins?
The same RNA transcript may be spliced in several different ways.
A frameshift mutation could result from….
either an insertion or a deletion of a base.
A point mutation is..
a change in a single nucleotide
Substitution
one base switched
Silent mutation
change the bases but not the sequence
Missense
Changes the base and results in a different amino acid
Nonsense
Changes the base and results in a stop codon, ends early
