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Chemistry > Unit 4 Test > Flashcards

Unit 4 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic Emission Spectrum

A

-an atom with an electron in the ground state and when the electron gets excited it changes to an excited state and it falls back down to the ground state and emits a photon that produces the lights we see in the AES
-When light emitted from the atom is passed through a prism it produces discrete lines corresponding to the frequencies of light that was emitted from that atom

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2
Q

a packet of energy released when an electron falls back down from excited state to ground state (to the correct energy level)

A

photon

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3
Q

number of waves per second and measured in hertz (Hz)

A

frequency

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4
Q

the distance between the crests measured in meters

A

wavelength

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5
Q

(0/+1e) a particle that has the same mass as an electron but has a positive charge

A

positron

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6
Q

a positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it consists of two protons and two neutrons and is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom

A

alpha particles (fish)

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7
Q

the process by which unstable atomic nuclei achieves stability

A

radioactivity

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8
Q

-natural or artificial conversion of an atom of one element into an atom of another element by the emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus.
-conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element.

A

transmutation

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9
Q

a fast-moving electron emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it is formed when a neutron decomposes into a proton and an electron (1/0 n ——–> 1/1 H + 0/-1e)

A

beta particles (B)

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10
Q

high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by certain radioactive nuclei; has no mass or electrical charge.

A

gamma radiation

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11
Q

a gas-filled metal tube used to detect radiation

A

Geiger counter

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12
Q

the splitting of the nucleus into small fragments.

A

fission

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13
Q

a nuclear reaction in which two light nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of heavier mass, accompanied by the release of a large amount of energy.

A

fusion

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14
Q

a device that uses a surface coated with a phosphor to detect radiation; ionizing radiation striking the phosphor surface produces bright flashes of light (scintillations)

A

scintillation counter

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15
Q

an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay

A

radioisotope

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16
Q

What is a quantum of energy and how does it relate to an electron changing energy levels

A

It’s the amount or pocket of energy and as you go from excited to ground state it releases energy

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17
Q

Draw the electromagnetic spectrum and the frequency and waves that correspond

A
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18
Q

how is light emitted from atoms

A

photons

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19
Q

E=

A

E= h x v

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20
Q

draw the mass, charge, symbol, particle/nuclei for gamma, alpha, and beta radiations

A
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21
Q

what do you add to a radioisotope for alpha radiation?

A

4/2 He

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22
Q

Whats the relationship between energy, frequency and wavelength

A

e=hv
shorter wavelength+high frequency=greater energy
long wavelength+low frequency=lower energy

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23
Q

Draw the visible light spectrum and the wavelengths corresponding with the energy each color has

A

shorter wavelengths = more energy

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24
Q

the bigger jump on the energy levels the bigger the amount of ______ released and the smaller jump on the energy levels the smaller the amount of ____ released.

A

energy

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25
Q

What is a quanta of light and another name for it

A

a pocket of light; photon

26
Q

what do you add to a radioisotope for gamma radiation?

A

0 and 4/2 He

27
Q

what do you add to a radioisotope for beta radiation?

A

0/-1 e

28
Q

What are the penetrating powers of alpha bet and gamma radiation?

A

smallest<——————————————>largest
alpha beta gamma

29
Q

What are the patterns for alpha beta and gamma radiation?

A

alpha= decreases by 2
beta= increases by 1
gamma= decreases by 2

30
Q

how is a positron similar/different from an elecrtron

A

it has the same mass but a positive charge

31
Q

How do u find the product of positron emission?

A

0/+1 e

32
Q

What changes does transmutation cause to an atom

A

It can completely change the atom to an atom of a different element through radiation

33
Q

How do u find the product of electron capture

A

PUT ON THE LEFT! IT’S CAPTURING!
0/-1 e

34
Q

uses a gas-filled metal tube to detect radiation

A

geiger counter

35
Q

uses a phosphor-coated surface to detect radiation

A

scintillation counter

36
Q

a device containing photo-graphic film that registers the wearers exposure to radiation

A

film badge

37
Q

radiation from the americium nuclei ionizes the nitrogen and oxygen in smoke free air and makes noise in the presence of smoke

A

smoke detectors

38
Q

a food safety technology designed to eliminate disease-causing germs from food

A

food irration

39
Q

atomic radius ___________as u go down and _________ from left and right

A

increases, decreases

40
Q

electronegativity_____________as u go down and _____________ from left to right

A

decreases, increases

41
Q

shielding effect__________as u go down and _______________ from left to right

A

increases, has little to no effect

42
Q

Whats an ion and how do u know if its a cation or anion

A

a charged particle
cation=metal, positive, smaller
anion=non-metals, negative, larger

43
Q

What’s the equation for frequency and wavelength?

A

c=yv

44
Q

Why is the AES called the atomic fingerprint?

A

because each element has its own unique emission spectrum

45
Q

how does the energy of an electron change as u get closer or further away from the nucleus

A

energy decreases as it gets closer to the nucleus

46
Q

how does the speed of light affected by energy and wavelength

A

It doesn’t change/stays the exact same speed no matter what

47
Q

whats the purpose of radioactive decay and what will the end result be?

A

to reach a more stable state
should result in a stable isotope

48
Q

what’s the subatomic particle in the nucleus that’s broken down to form the beta particle?

A

neutron

49
Q

what particles are involved in a fission reaction and what particles are produced

A

its hit with neutrons
it produces two nuclei and more neutrons

50
Q

what particles are involved in a fusion reaction and what particles are produced

A

In solar fusion hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse to
produce helium nuclei and two positron
This releases LOTS of energy and more then fission

51
Q

what particles are responsible for maintaining a chain reaction within a nuclear reactor

A

neutrons

52
Q

what are the different types of devices used for detecting levels of radiation

A

Geiger counter, scintillation counter, film badge

53
Q

how are radioisotopes used in cancer treatments

A

cancer can be treated with radiation, especially by selective irradiation with x-rays or other ionizing radiation and by ingestion of radioisotopes

54
Q

the process by which unstable atomic nuclei achieve stability

A

radioactivity

55
Q

the penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source

A

radiation

56
Q

an isotope that has an unstable atomic nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay

A

radioisotope

57
Q

the spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable nucleus; the rate of decay is unaffected by temperature, pressure, or catalysts

A

radioactive decay

58
Q

Whats the force that holds the nucleus together and is the strongest force in the universe?

A

Strong Nuclear Force

59
Q

Write the symbol and charge of the three types of decay

A

Alpha 4/2He a (fish)
Beta 0/-1e B
Gamma 0 y

60
Q

the time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation and decay to products

A

half-life

Chemistry (17 decks)

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