Unit 4 Test Review

Question 1

What was the relationship like between First Nations and Europeans?

Answer 1

First Nations people were crucial in assisting European settlers who had to adapt to cold, hard winters and scarce resources. But their social values clashed. Europeans viewed land ownership as a sign of social status whereas First Nations people saw status as defined by ability land as shared equally.

Question 2

Fur trade and impacts on First Nations groups

Answer 2

• The demand for felt made from beaver fur was so high that European beavers were nearly extinct in the early 1600s
• Indigenous people traveled to fur trade outposts where they traded their pelts for tools, guns, textiles, and food.

Question 3

Results of the Seven Years War (on North America)

Answer 3

• Britain gained control and Canada became modelled primarily after British traditions.
• Quebec territory was lost to the British.

Question 4

Indian Act

Answer 4

The Indian Act of 1876 encouraged assimilation and gave the Department of Indian Affairs strict control over the lives of the First Nations people.

Question 5

Actions of Indian Act

Answer 5

The Indian Act did the following:
● Defined who was/wasn’t a status Indian – someone who was registered according to the Act and able to receive benefits
● Banned traditional practices (Sun Dance, potlatch) to suppress the culture
● Made it illegal for First Nations to pursue land claims without permission from the
federal government.

Question 6

Purpose of residential schools

Answer 6

Residential schools were meant to teach First Nations children a European
lifestyle and assimilate them into Canadian culture

Question 7

Rwanda

Answer 7

In 1994, Rwanda endured a civil war and genocide unseen since WWII. The two main groups of people before colonization were the Hutus (majority) and the Tutsis (minority).

Question 8

Role of Belgium and Germany

Answer 8

Once colonized, Germany began the process of dividing the two groups so as to create conflict between them. After Germany’s defeat in WWI, Belgium was rewarded Rwanda and maintained the division between tribes, forcing identification cards on the two groups.

Question 9

Groups involved

Answer 9

• The United Nations (UN) would not intervene in an “internal conflict” despite warnings from Canadian Lieutenant General Romeo Dallaire, the head UN peacekeeper for the mission.
• Peacekeepers were ordered not to interfere and only fire their weapons in self-defence.
• Dallaire was warned not to protect civilians in case it looked like the UN was taking sides.

Question 10

Apartheid

Answer 10

After WWII, SA passed apartheid laws which segregated the population. The different
classified groups (white, Asian, coloured – mixed ancestry, and blacks) worked and lived in
separate areas.

Question 11

Nelson Mandela:

Answer 11

• Leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned for over 20 years
• Nelson Mandela was an icon of modern South Africa
• He won a Nobel Peace Prize
• He was one of the most respected world leaders of the 20th century
• Took after Gandhi and didn’t use violence until he had to

Question 12

Racial segregation in South Africa

Answer 12

Although blacks outnumbered whites, the government passed a law to ensure whites maintained control. Both violent and non-violent means were used to protest apartheid and protesters were imprisoned. Although segregation was common around the world at the time, apartheid was the specific policy name in South Africa.

Question 13

Quiet Revolution:

Answer 13

(1960s Quebec)
- A social revolution that moved away from traditional lifestyles and led to a demand for
equality.

Question 14

What were the results of the Quiet Revolution?

Answer 14

• Quebecois rejected conservative attitudes of the Catholic Church and provincial
  government and demanded equality (in pay, education, quality of jobs).
• New curriculums were designed and discrimination against Francophones ended.
• Language renewal became key legislation made French the only official language and
  prohibited the use of English in schools, court documents, etc.
• The separatist movement began with the Parti Quebecois.

Question 15

Status Indian

Answer 15

someone who was registered according to the Act and able to receive benefits

Question 16

Residential schools

Answer 16

Legacy of the Indian Act. Over 150 000 Indigenous students
attended residential schools throughout their tenure. Most students lived full time in residential schools while others attended day schools, returning home at night.

Question 17

Multiculturalism

Answer 17

Canada is made up of many
culturally distinct groups.
– people are free to retain their own cultures and traditions.

Question 18

genocide

Answer 18

The mass killing of a targeted group