Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

health and social care > Unit 4 - The heart > Flashcards

Unit 4 - The heart Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vena Cava

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Right Atrium

A

Chamber that received deoxygenated blood from body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Stops the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the atrium when the ventricles contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives blood from the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Stops the backflow of blood into the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Left atrium

A

Chamber that received oxygenated blood from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Stops the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into atrium when the ventricles contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aortic valve

A

Stops the backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Left ventricle

A

Receives blood from the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.1

A

The right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from two major veins the superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.2

A

When this chamber contracts, blood moves out of the right atrium and into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.3

A

Once the right ventricle has sufficiently filled with blood this chamber contracts, pumping blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary circuit. The blood collects oxygen from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.4

A

Newly oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.5

A

When this chamber is filled with blood, the left atrial wall contracts, pushing blood into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.6

A

After the left ventricle has filled with blood this chamber contracts forcing the blood out of the ventricle through the aortic valve and into the aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cardiac cycle pt.7

A

From the aorta, blood travels through the systemic circuit of blood vessels bringing oxygen to tissue cells throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Safe and painless test which normally only takes a few minutes. Leads from the ECG are attached to the skin on arms, legs and chest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Systolic blood pressure is the top number on a reading . It measures the force of blood against your artery walls while ventricles squeeze and push blood out to the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

The bottom number on a reading. It measures the force of blood against your artery walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myogenic

A

The heart has the capacity to create its own electrical impulse that pass through the muscular walls, forcing them to contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The conduction system

A

The conduction system is 5 structures which pass the electrical impulse through the cardiac muscle in coordinated fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sino-atrial node (SA node)

A

Located in the right atrial wall, the SA node generates the electrical impulse and fires it through the atrial walls causing them to contract. Pacemaker firing rate determines heart rate.

26
Q

Atrio-ventricular node (AV node)

A

Delays the impulse to allow atria to finish contracting. It then releases the impulse to the bundle of his.

27
Q

Bundle of his

A

Located in septum, bundle of his splits the impulse in two ready to be distributed through each separate ventricle.

28
Q

Bundle branches

A

Carry impulse to the base of each ventricle.

29
Q

Purkyne fibres

A

These distribute the impulse through the ventricle walls causing them to contract.

30
Q

Red blood cells (erythcytes)

A

No nucleus - More carrying capacity for oxygen
Have a concave shape - Increases surface area to volume ratio
Contain the protein haemoglobin which has a high affinity for oxygen and allows it to transport oxygen around the body. Haemoglobin + oxygen -> oxyhaemoglobin

31
Q

Artery

A 
>Takes blood away from heart
>Cope with high blood pressure
>Thick wall
>Small lumen
>No valves
32
Q

Vein

A 
>Takes blood to the heart
>Low blood pressure
>Thinner wall
>Big lumen
>Valves
>Prevents backflow
>Skeletal and muscular systems, valves and gravity assist veins.
33
Q

Capillary

A

> Tiny blood vessels - only one cell thick

>Allow diffusion

34
Q

The lymph system

A

Series of vessels and nodes. Carries clear fluid from the (lymph) from tissues back to the heart. About 10%of the plasma in blood leaks out through capillaries. This is tissue fluid. Carries glucose to cells not next to a capillary and removes waste. Most is reabsorbed into blood vessels. A few litres are drained away towards the heart by the lymphatic system. It also has important roles in the immune system.

35
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The pressure exerted or transmitted by the fluid at rest. Caused by the hearts contraction.

36
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

A hydrostatic pressure caused by a difference in the amounts of solutes between solutions that are separated by a semi-permiable membrane.

37
Q

Composition of blood - Plasma

A

Transports dissolved nutrients, glucose, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, lipo proteins, antibodies, electrolytes and, waste material contained within blood.

38
Q

Composition of blood - Erthrocytes (RBC)

A

They do not have a nucleus but do contain millions of haemoglobin molecules. Iron containing proteins bind oxygen molecules obtained in lungs and transport them around the body.

39
Q

Composition of blood - Leucocytes (WBC)

A

These cells locate, destroy and remove pathogens and foreign matter from the body. There are several different types, each with different functions. Lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.

40
Q

Composition of blood - Neutrophils (WBC)

A

These are made in bone marrow. They leave the blood in large numbers at sites of infection and engulf and digest bacteria. They also make antibodies. A neutrophil only lives for a few days.

41
Q

Composition of blood - Lymphocytes (WBC)

A

These are made in the thymus (part of the lymphatic system). They produce toxic granules that contain powerful enzymes which induce the death of pathogen infected cells, neutralising viruses and killing cancer cells.

42
Q

Composition of blood - Monocytes (WBC)

A

A type of white blood cell that fights off bacteria, viruses and fungi. Monocytes are the biggest type of white blood cell in the immune system. Originally formed in the bone marrow, they are released into our blood and tissues and remove dead cells and bacteria.

43
Q

Composition of blood - Platelets (WBC)

A

These cell components are formed from pieces of cells found in bone marrow called megakaryocytes. They have a major role in blood clotting. When platelets encounter an injured blood vessel, they clump together to block the opening in the vessel.

44
Q

ECG trace - P waves

A

Represent atrial depolarisation. In sinus rhythm, there should be a P-wave preceding each QRS complex.

45
Q

ECG trace - PR interval

A

From the start of the P-wave to the start of the Q wave. It represents the time taken for electrical activity to move between the atria and ventricles.

46
Q

ECG trace - QRS complex

A

Represents depolarisation of the ventricles. It is seen as three closely related waves on the ECG (Q,R and S wave).

47
Q

ECG trace - ST segment

A

Starts at the end of the S-wave and finishes at the start of the T-wave. The ST segment is an isoelectric line that represents the time between depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles (i.e. contraction).

48
Q

ECG trace - T wave

A

Represents ventricular repolarisation. It is seen as a small wave after the QRS complex.

49
Q

Hypertension - Symptoms and Effects

A 
>Severe headache
>Fatigue or confusion
>Vision problems
>Chest pain
>Difficulty breathing
>Irregular heartbeat
>Blood in the urine
>Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears
50
Q

Hypertension - Biological explanation

A

It is well known that blood pressure is influenced by three biological factors – how fast the heart beats; how open and flexible the arteries are; and how much blood there is pumping through the blood vessels. High blood pressure is thought to be a result of an imbalance in certain chemicals that control these factors.

51
Q

Hypertension - Causes

A 
>Age – the risk of developing high blood pressure increases as you get old
>A high amount of salt in your food 
>A lack of exercise
>Being overweight or obese
>Regularly drinking large amounts of alcohol
>Smoking
>Long-term sleep deprivation
>Kidney disease
>Family history
52
Q

Hypertension - Monitoring

A

Blood pressure tests - either with GP or done by self.

53
Q

Hypertension - Lifestyle

A 
>Cutting your salt intake
>Eating a low-fat, balanced diet
>Being active
>Cutting down on alcohol
>Losing weight
>Drinking less caffeine
>Getting at least 6 hours of sleep a night if you can
54
Q

Hypertension - Medication

A

> If under 55 years of age – will usually be offered an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin-2 receptor blocker (ARB)

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce blood pressure by relaxing your blood vessels.
  • ARBs work in a similar way to ACE inhibitors. They’re often recommended if ACE inhibitors cause troublesome side effects.

> If aged 55 or older, or any age and of African or Caribbean origin – will usually be offered a calcium channel blocker
-Calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure by widening your blood vessels.

> Diuretics - Flush excess water and salt from the body through urine. Often used if calcium channel blockers cause troublesome side effects.
Beta-blockers - Can reduce blood pressure by making your heart beat more slowly and with less force.

55
Q

Coronary heart disease - Symptoms and Effects

A 
>Chest pain
>Breathlessness
>Sweating
>Palpitations
>Heart attacks
>Heart failure
56
Q

Coronary heart disease - Biological explanation

A

The blood vessels to the heart are narrowed, putting the heart under stress.

57
Q

Coronary heart disease - Causes

A 
CHD is the term for what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a buildup of fatty substances in the coronary arteries. Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma. This can be caused by:
>Old age
>Smoking
>High cholesterol
>High blood pressure (Hypertension)
>Diabetes
58
Q

Coronary heart disease - Monitoring

A 
Doctors will:
>Ask about family history
>Ask about medical history
>Check blood pressure
>Do a blood test to assess cholesterol levels
59
Q

Coronary heart disease - Lifestyle

A

Changes such as regular exercises or quitting smoking, eating healthier, weight loss and reducing stress.

60
Q

Coronary heart disease - Medication

A

> Cholesterol-modifying medications
Aspirin
Beta blockers (possibly used with calcium channel blockers.

61
Q

Coronary heart disease - Surgery

A

> Using balloons and stents to treat narrow arteries.
Coronary angioplasty
Coronary artery bypass graft

health and social care (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions