Unit 4 - Tissues Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Definition of Tissues
A
Groups of similar cells that perform a common function.
2
Q
4 Categories of Cells
A
- Epithelial
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscular tissue
3
Q
A fertilized egg organizes into 3 layers called:
A
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
- Ectoderm
4
Q
The inner most layer of a fertilized egg is:
A
Endoderm
5
Q
The middle layer of a fertilized egg is:
A
Mesoderm
6
Q
The outer most layer of a fertilized egg is:
A
Ectoderm
7
Q
Ectoderm gives rise to:
A
Epidermis & Nervous tissue
8
Q
Endoderm gives rise to:
A
Lung, Thyroid & Pancreatic tissue
9
Q
Mesoderm gives rise to:
A
Connective & Muscular tissue
10
Q
What is the only undifferentiated cell?
A
Stem cells
11
Q
Epithelial tissue covers
A
Body surface
12
Q
Epithelial tissue lines
A
Cavities & Organs
13
Q
Key functions of epithelial tissue include
A
1.Protection
2.Absorption
3.Filtration
4.Secretion
14
Q
Epithelial tissue adheres to the
A
Connective tissue via the basement membrane
15
Q
Epithelial tissue depends on what for oxygen and nutrients
A
Connective tissue
16
Q
Epithelial tissue is so thin is has no
A
Blood vessels
17
Q
Epithelial tissue types:
A
Membranous & Glandular
18
Q
Epithelial tissue is classified by
A
Cell shape & Number of layers
19
Q
3 Kinds of Epithelial cell shapes
A
- Squamous
2.Cuboidal
3.Columnar
20
Q
Squamous cell shapes are
A
Flat, plate-like & “Scaly”
21
Q
Cuboidal cell shapes are
A
1.Cube-shaped
2.Contains more cytoplasm
22
Q
Columnar cells shapes are
A
1.Cylindrical
2.Higher than wide
23
Q
2 kinds of Epithelial cell layers
A
- Simple
- Stratified
24
Q
Simple cell layers definition
A
Every cell touches the basement membrane
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Stratified cell layer definition
1. More than 1 layer
2. Cells stacked
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Define Simple Squamous Epithelium
The cell layer of single layer flat, scale-like cells
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Simple Squamous Epithelium Function
The cell layer that allows for ready diffusion or filtration because of thinness.
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Simple Squamous Epithelium Location
The cell layer located in the lining of blood and lymphatic vessels.
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Describe Simple Cuboidal Epithelium layer
The cell layer that consists of single layer of cube-like cells.
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What is the function of the Simple Cuboidal Epithelium layer?
The function of this cell layer is to secrete and absorb.
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Where is the Simple Cuboidal Epithelium layer found?
This cell layer is found in ducts and tubules of many organs, including the kidneys.
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What is the function of the Simple Columnar Epithelium layer?
The function of this cell layer is to secrete mucus by goblet cells and to participate in absorption.
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What is the description of the Simple Columnar Epithelium layer?
The cell layer that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
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Where is the Simple Columnar Epithelium layer found?
This cell layer is found lining the intestines.
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What is the definition of the Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium layer?
This cell layer is defined by a single layer of irregularly shaped columnar cells. The cells are different heights with the nuclei at different levels.
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What is the function of the Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium layer?
The function of this cell layer is to provide protection and secrete mucus.
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Where is the Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium layer found?
This cell layer is found lining the trachea, large bronchi, and nasal mucosa.
34
What is the definition of the Stratified Squamous Epithelium layer?
This cell layer is defined as containing multiple layers and is the most widespread epithelium in the body.
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What is the function of the Stratified Squamous Epithelium layer
The function of this cell layer is to resist absorption and penetration by pathogens.
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What Stratified Squamous Epithelium layer contains keratin?
The epidermis is the cell layer that contains Keratin
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What Stratified Squamous Epithelium layer does not contain keratin?
Mucous membranes are the cell layers that do not contain Keratin
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What is the location of the Stratified Squamous Epithelium layer
This cell layer can be found in the epidermis of the skin, the esophagus, and the vagina.
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What is the definition of the Transitional Epithelium layer?
This cell layer consists of multiple cell layers.
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What is the function of the Transitional Epithelium layer?
This cell layer function is to stretch to allow filling of urinary tract.
41
What is the definiation of a gland.
What is a collection of epithelial cells that secrete a particular substance?
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What are the 2 types of glands?
1. Exocrine glands
2. Endocrine glands
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What is the function of the Exocrine gland?
The exocrine gland function is to secrete products into ducts.
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Name 2 examples of Exocrine gland function
1. Sweat glands
2. Gastric juice glands
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What is the function of the Endocrine gland?
Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
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Give an example of Endocrine gland function
The adrenal glands secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
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What is the most widespread type of tissue in the body?
Connective tissue (quantity)
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What are the functions of connective tissues?
The purpose of this tissue is to connect the body together and support, bind, or protect organs.
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3 Types of connective tissues
1. Tough cords
2. Elastic sheets
3. Fluids
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What are the two parts of Connective Tissue?
1. Extracellular matrix
2. Cells
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Extracellular matrix is made up of?
This type of connective tissue is made up of Protein fibers and Fluid.
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Examples of Extracellular matrix
1. Blood
2. Bone
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Name 3 kinds of Protein Fiber types
1. Collagenous fibers
2. Reticular fibers
3. Elastic fibers
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Collagenous fiber types characteristics
These are the most abundant fibers. They are strong and flexible but resist stretching.
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Reticular Riber type characteristics
These fiber types support capillaries and nerves and occur in networks.
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Elastic Fiber type characteristics
These fiber types are made up of the protein elastin and can stretch and recoil.
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Name 4 Types of Connective Tissue
1. Fibrous connective tissue
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood
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Fibrous Connective Tissue is characterized by
This type of connective tissue has an abundance of fiber.
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What are the 2 types of Fibrous Connective tissue?
1. Dense fibrous connective tissue
2. Loose fibrous connective tissue
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Dense Fiber Tissue characterized by
This type of connective tissue has fibers that are densely packed and has few blood vessels.E
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Examples of Dense Fiber Tissue
1. Tendons
2. Ligaments
3. Fascia
4. Capsule
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Loose Fibrous Connective tissue characterized by
This type of connective tissue has fibers that are loosely arranged, has a stretchable quality and is widely distributed.
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What are the 3 types of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue?
1. Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Reticular
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Areola tissue is characterized by
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissue consists of collagen and elastin fibers in a soft, gel-like matrix.
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Arela tissue function is
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissues function is to connect adjacent structures in the body. It lies underneath almost all epithelia and surrounds blood vessels, nerves, the esophagus, and the stomach.
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Adipose tissue is characterized by
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissue is dominated by fat cells.
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Adipose tissue function is
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissue function is to form supporting, protective pads around the kidneys and various other structures. To act as a storage depot for excess food and to help insulate the body to conserve heat.
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Reticular Tissue is characterized by
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissue consists of a loose network of reticular fibers and cells.
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Reticular Tissue function is
This Loose Fibrous Connective tissue forms a framework of the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow.
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Cartilage is composed of ___________________ cells
Chondrocyte cells make up
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Cartilage function
This connective tissue has no blood vessels & receives oxygen & nutrients by diffusion from surrounding connective tissue which is slow & inefficient.
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Hyaline Cartilage is found
This cartilage is found at the end of moveable joints, where the ribs attach to the breastbone, around the larynx, in supportive rings around the trachea and is a part of the fetal skeleton.
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Elastic Cartilage characterized by
This cartilage provides Flexible support
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Elastic Cartilage is found in the
The cartilage is found in the external ear and the epiglottis.
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Fibrocartilage Cartilage is characterized by
This cartilage resists compression/absorbs shock.
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Bone is composed of
What is composed of cells embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers and mineral salt crystals.
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Fibrocartilage Cartilage is found in
This cartilage is found in the vertebral discs and knee meniscus.
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Characteristics of bone
1. Collagen responsible for bone hardness
2. Rich blood supply (heals quickly)
3. Offers protection for organs
4. Offers attachment points for muscles (movement)
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Bone tissue is called _________ tissue
Osseous tissue is also known as _______ tissue
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This type of connective tissue is composed of liquid matrix (plasma).
Blood
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Characteristics of blood
1. Contains no fibers
2. Transports cells and dissolved substances
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Which tissue has a high degree of excitability and conductivity?
Nerve Tissue
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Characteristics of Nerve Tissue
1. Excitability & Conductivity
2. Tissues communicate rapidly
3. Concentrated in the brain and spinal cord
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_________ are cells that conduct nervous impulses
Neurons
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__________ are cells that protect and assist neurons.
Neuroglia
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The 3 parts of the neuron are the
1. Soma
2. Dendrites
3. Axon
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The __________ are the part of the neuron that transmits signals to other cells.
Axon function
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The _________ are the part of the neuron that receives impulses from other cells that they transmit to the soma.
Dendrites function
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The ________ are the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and organelles and is also the cell body.
Soma function
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_______ tissue consists of elongated cells that contract in response to stimulation.
Muscle tissue
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3 Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth
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Skeletal muscle description
This muscle tissue is striated & voluntary.
Attaches to bone.
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Cardiac Muscle description
This muscle tissue is striated with intercalated discs & is involuntary.
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This muscle tissue is found only in the heart
Where is cardiac tissue found?
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Smooth muscle tissue description
This muscle tissue has no striations, is involuntary and has long spindle shaped.
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Smooth muscle is found where?
This tissue is found lining the walls of tracts and organs.
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Membrane functions
1. Line body cavities
2. Cover body surfaces
3. Separate organs
4. Lubricating
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Types of Membranes and Tissues
1. Connective tissue
2. Epithelial tissue
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What are the types of Epithelial Tissues?
1. Mucous membranes
2. Cutaneous tissue
3. Serous
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What is the purpose of connective tissue?
1. Lines joints
2. Spaces between bones (synovial)
3. Secretes synovial fluid
100
Mucous membrane qualities
1. Provide protection
2. Lubrication
3. Entrapment
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Cutaneous membrane qualities
1. Largest membrane
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Cutaneous membrane is found
1. Skin
2. Skin appendages
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Serous member qualities
1. Simple squamous epithelium.
2. Lines closed body cavities.
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The tissue repair mechanism where damaged tissue cells are replaced with the same type of cells is called
Regeneration
105
The tissue repair mechanism that results in functional new tissue is called
Regeneration
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The tissue repair mechanism where damaged tissue is replaced with scar tissue is called
Fibrosis
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Scar tissue is mostly made up of _____________
Collagen (mostly makes up what kind of tissue)
