Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards
(29 cards)
A system of manufacture that divides production into a series of distinct and repetitive tasks performed by machines or workers.
Division of Labor
Son of a middling New England farm family who invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.
Market Revolution
A broad-ranging campaign of moral and institutional reforms inspired by evangelical Christian ideals and endorsed by upper-middle-class men and women in the 1820s and 1830s
Benevolent Empire
A society invigorated by evangelical Protestants in 1832 that set out to curb the consumption of alcoholic beverages
American Temperance Society
Antiforeign sentiment in the United States that fueled anti-immigrant and immigration-restriction policies against the Irish and Germans in the 1840s and the 1850s and against other ethnic immigrants in subsequent decades.
Nativism
A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York’s Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power.
Political Machine
The widespread award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory.
Spoil System
The mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Henry Clay and adopted by John Quincy Adams, with a national bank to manage the nation’s financial system; protective tariffs to provide revenue and encourage industry; and a nationally funded network of roads, canals, and railroads.
American System
A tariff enacted in 1828 that raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods.
Tariff of Abominations
The constitutional argument advanced by John C. Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by Congress
Nullification
Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838
Trail of Tears
French for “let do” or “leave alone.” A doctrine espoused by classical liberals that the less the government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy.
Laissez-Faire
General, Tennessee Senator, and President from 1829-1837
Andrew Jackson
A nineteenth-century intellectual movement that posited the importance of an ideal world of mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the immediate grasp of the senses.
Transcendentalism
Word coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835 to describe Americans as people no longer bound by social attachments to classes, castes, associations, and families.
Individualism
A system of social and economic organization based on the common ownership of goods or state control of the economy.
Socialism
Popular theatrical entertainment begun around 1830, in which white actors in blackface presented comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism.
Minstrelsy
The social reform movement to end slavery immediately and without compensation that began in the United States in the 1830s.
Abolitionism
The first women’s rights convention in the United States. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848
Seneca Falls Convention
Leader of a slave revolt in Virginia, resulting in dozens being killed, many white
Nat Turner
Granddaughter of prominent Bostonians, she worked to improve public institutions, and state asylums
Dorothea Dix
Prominent women’s rights activist who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
